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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine of Dental Diseases Publisher Pubmed



Kiarashi M1 ; Bayat H2 ; Shahrtash SA3 ; Etajuri EA4 ; Khah MM5 ; Alshaheri NA6 ; Nasiri K7 ; Esfahaniani M8 ; Yasamineh S9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. College of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  2. 2. Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  5. 5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Anesthesiology, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
  7. 7. Department of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  9. 9. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

Source: Stem Cell Reviews and Reports Published:2024


Abstract

Biomedical engineering breakthroughs and increased patient expectations and requests for more comprehensive care are propelling the field of regenerative dentistry forward at a fast pace. Stem cells (SCs), bioactive compounds, and scaffolds are the mainstays of tissue engineering, the backbone of regenerative dentistry. Repairing damaged teeth and gums is a significant scientific problem at present. Novel therapeutic approaches for tooth and periodontal healing have been inspired by tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Furthermore, as a component of the MSC secretome, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to contribute to periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. The scaffold, made of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), acts as a supporting structure for new cell development and tissue formation. To effectively promote cell development, a scaffold must be non-toxic, biodegradable, biologically compatible, low in immunogenicity, and safe. Due to its promising biological characteristics for cell regeneration, dental tissue engineering has recently received much attention for its use of natural or synthetic polymer scaffolds with excellent mechanical properties, such as small pore size and a high surface-to-volume ratio, as a matrix. Moreover, as a bioactive material for carrying MSC-EVs, the combined application of scaffolds and MSC-EVs has a better regenerative effect on dental diseases. In this paper, we discuss how MSCs and MSC-derived EV treatment may be used to regenerate damaged teeth, and we highlight the role of various scaffolds in this process. Graphical Abstract: The potential of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives (MSC-EVs) inserted into the scaffold to regenerate dental diseases is illustrated in this figure. Synthetic and natural scaffolds transport these cells to facilitate their safe and targeted delivery to the intended tissue. (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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