Effects of Exercise Training and Supplementation With Selenium Nanoparticle on T-Helper 1 and 2 and Cytokine Levels in Tumor Tissue of Mice Bearing the 4 T1 Mammary Carcinoma Publisher Pubmed



Molanouri Shamsi M¹ ; Chekachak S¹ ; Soudi S² ; Gharakhanlou R¹ ; Quinn LS³ ; Ranjbar K¹ ; Rezaei S¹ ; Shirazi FJ² ; Allahmoradi B¹ ; Yazdi MH⁴ ; Mahdavi M^{5, 6} ; Voltarelli FA⁷ Show Affiliations
Source: Nutrition Published:2019

Abstract

Objectives: Physical exercise decreases the incidence of breast cancer and also improves survival in breast cancer patients. However, the mechanistic basis of these protective effects of exercise is not well known. Changes in tumor cytokines, such as oncostatin-M (OSM), have been associated with modulation of antitumor immune responses in breast cancer. Exercise and antioxidants such as selenium affect both antitumor immune responses as well as tumor cytokine expression. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) and selenium nanoparticle (SeNP) administration on T-helper 1 and 2 and tumor tissue cytokines in mice bearing the 4 T1 mammary carcinoma. Methods: We examined the effects of 6 wk of AET and SeNP administration (100 μg three times/wk) on tumor size, concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ IL-4 and OSM in tumor tissue and INF-γ and IL-4 in splenocytes of 64 mice bearing the 4 T1 mammary carcinoma. Results: AET increased OSM levels in tumor tissue. Moreover, AET increased levels of TNF-α in tumor tissue, whereas SeNP supplementation decreased IL-4 levels tumor tissue. Also, the combination of AET and SeNP administration decreased tumor volume and increased T-helper 1 cytokines in the splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combination of AET and SeNP supplementation effects antitumor immune responses in splenocytes, whereas AET induced antitumor cytokines, such as OSM and TNF-α in tumor tissue. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.