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Effect of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Pediatric Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Publisher



Rohani P1 ; Rasoulizadeh Z2 ; Tavakoli S4 ; Alimadadi H1 ; Vahidshahi K3 ; Fatahi S4 ; Sohouli MH1 ; Guimaraes NS5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Source: Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome Published:2024


Abstract

Background: There are conflicting findings regarding the effect of low-carbohydrate diets on obesity-related factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a carbohydrate-restricted (CR) diet on changes in anthropometric indicators of adiposity and fat distribution in pediatrics populations. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases using predefined keywords to identify all randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CR on obesity-related factors. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Findings from 11 studies demonstrated significant reductions in weight (WMD: -2.31 kg; 95% CI: -4.44, -0.18), BMI (WMD:-1.08 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.91, -0.26), and fat mass (WMD: -1.43%; 95% CI: -2.43 to -0.43) as well as a significant increase in adiponectin levels (WMD: 0.74 ng/ml; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.47) in the CR diet group compared to the control group. However, no significant effect was observed on BMI z-score (WMD:-0.10; 95% CI: -0.21, 0.01), waist circumference (WMD:-3.03 cm; 95% CI: -6.57, 0.51) or leptin levels (WMD: -0.82 ng/ml; 95% CI: -2.26, 0.61). Stratified analysis rrevealed a greater effect of CR on weight and BMI reduction in interventions ≤ 12 weeks and in very low-carbohydrate diets. Conclusions: In conclusion, it appears that CR diet, along with other lifestyle factors, can lead to significant improvements in weight loss on pediatrics with obesity/overweight. © The Author(s) 2024.
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