Nanotechnology-Based Assays for Microbial Detection and Identification Publisher



Hoseini ZS¹ ; Iranmanesh M² ; Yaghoubi M² ; Hajizade A² Show Affiliations
Source: Microbiology in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Nanotechnology, Quantum, and Next Generation Sequencing Published:2025

Abstract

Microbial agents are a significant risk to human safety and health. Accurate and timely detection and identification of pathogens are crucial in various fields, including industrial, environmental, and medical microbiology. In this regard, related methods are continuously and regularly developed. Conventional methods, such as culture-based techniques, phenotypic-based methods, immunological methods, biochemical methods, etc., have been used for decades. However, these methods have many limitations. As a result, interest in the development of advanced diagnostic techniques has gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nano-based biosensors, that have emerged recently and developed continuously, have shown their great potential in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases. This chapter examines different types of nano-biosensors used for the detection and identification of infectious agents, which are conveniently divided into four categories based on the biological receptor part: nano-immunosensors, aptamer-based nano-biosensors, DNA-based nano-biosensors, and phage-based nano-biosensors. Here, after a brief review of different detection and identification methods, a comprehensive review of nano-based detection and identification methods for microbial pathogens will be conducted. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Muhammad Ali Syed, Shahzad Ali, and Tanveer Hussain.