Advancements Nanotechnology and Their Applications in Microbiology Publisher



Hoseini ZS¹ ; Iranmanesh M² ; Tarverdizadeh Y² ; Yaghoubi M² ; Zare M² ; Hajizade A² Show Affiliations
Source: Microbiology in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Nanotechnology, Quantum, and Next Generation Sequencing Published:2025

Abstract

Nanotechnology has revolutionized almost all scientific and industrial fields. It has solved many problems and opened new avenues in each field. Different branches of microbiology are benefiting from nanotechnology. Nano-based methods enhance microbial detection, diagnosis, and identification; many nanodiagnostics have developed that significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of detection methods. Nanomaterials are also potent adjuvants that are being used progressively in vaccine formulations. These materials are appropriate carriers for the delivery of vaccines and some of them can stimulate innate immune responses, through which they can stimulate adaptive immune responses more efficiently. In addition to the delivery of vaccines, nanomaterials are also proper vehicles for the delivery of drugs and thus play an important role in the treatment of microbial infections. Applications of nanomaterials in the delivery of vaccines and drugs are comprehensively discussed in the present chapter. Interactions between nanomaterials and gut microbiota are another issue that is discussed. These interactions have various consequences, both positive and negative. Many nanoparticles can affect the function of the gut microbiome. Usually, decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity is an indicator of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Finally, in the last section, the diverse impacts of nanomaterials on microorganisms in the air, soil, and water are discussed. Nanomaterials can alter the composition and variety of microbial communities, with potential ecological consequences. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Muhammad Ali Syed, Shahzad Ali, and Tanveer Hussain.