Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years

Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years Publisher Pubmed

Afshin A¹ ; Forouzanfar MH¹ ; Reitsma MB¹ ; Sur P¹ ; Estep K¹ ; Lee A¹ ; Marczak L¹ ; Mokdad AH¹ ; Moradilakeh M^{1, 34} ; Naghavi M¹ ; Salama JS¹ ; Vos T¹ ; Abate KH² ; Abbafati C¹⁴ Show All Authors

Afshin A¹
Forouzanfar MH¹
Reitsma MB¹
Sur P¹
Estep K¹
Lee A¹
Marczak L¹
Mokdad AH¹
Moradilakeh M^{1, 34}
Naghavi M¹
Salama JS¹
Vos T¹
Abate KH²
Abbafati C¹⁴
Ahmed MB²
Alaly Z¹⁶
Alkerwi A¹⁷
Alraddadi R¹⁸
Amare AT^{13, 20}
Amberbir A⁴¹
Amegah AK²⁷
Amini E^{28, 32}
Amrock SM⁴²
Anjana RM^{43, 44}
Arnlov J^{50, 52}
Asayesh H³⁵
Banerjee A⁵⁵
Barac A⁶⁷
Baye E^{3, 26}
Bennett DA⁵⁹
Beyene AS⁴
Biadgilign S⁵
Biryukov S¹
Bjertness E⁶⁹
Boneya DJ⁹
Camposnonato I^{73, 85}
Carrero JJ⁵¹
Cecilio P^{74, 76}
Cercy K¹
Ciobanu LG²⁰
Cornaby L¹
Damtew SA^{6, 7}
Dandona L^{1, 45}
Dandona R^{1, 45}
Dharmaratne SD⁷⁷
Duncan BB⁷⁸
Eshrati B³⁶
Esteghamati A³⁰
Feigin VL^{1, 82}
Fernandes JC⁷⁵
Furst T^{57, 139}
Gebrehiwot TT²
Gold A¹
Gona PN⁸³
Goto A⁸⁷
Habtewold TD^{12, 89}
Hadush KT⁸
Hafezinejad N³⁰
Hay SI^{1, 60}
Horino M⁶⁸
Islami F⁹¹
Kamal R⁴⁷
Kasaeian A^{29, 33}
Katikireddi SV⁶¹
Kengne AP^{92, 94}
Kesavachandran CN⁴⁷
Khader YS⁹⁷
Khang YH^{98, 99}
Khubchandani J¹⁰²
Kim D⁸⁴
Kim YJ¹⁰³
Kinfu Y²¹
Kosen S¹⁰⁴
Ku T¹
Defo BK¹⁰⁵
Kumar GA⁴⁵
Larson HJ^{1, 58}
Leinsalu M^{53, 140}
Liang X¹¹⁰
Lim SS¹
Liu P¹
Lopez AD²²
Lozano R⁷³
Majeed A⁵⁶
Malekzadeh R^{31, 37}
Malta DC⁷⁹
Mazidi M¹⁰⁹
Mcalinden C^{62, 63}
Mcgarvey ST¹¹¹
Mengistu DT¹⁰
Mensah GA¹¹²
Mensink GB¹¹³
Mezgebe HB¹⁰
Mirrakhimov EM¹¹⁵
Mueller UO¹¹⁴
Noubiap JJ⁹³
Obermeyer CM¹¹⁶
Ogbo FA²⁴
Owolabi MO¹¹⁷
Patton GC²³
Pourmalek F¹⁰⁶
Qorbani M³⁸
Rafay A¹¹⁹
Rai RK⁴⁸
Ranabhat CL^{101, 141}
Reinig N¹
Safiri S³⁹
Salomon JA⁸⁶
Sanabria JR^{120, 123}
Santos IS⁸⁰
Sartorius B^{92, 96}
Sawhney M^{121, 122}
Schmidhuber J¹⁵
Schutte AE^{92, 95}
Schmidt MI⁷⁸
Sepanlou SG³¹
Shamsizadeh M⁴⁰
Sheikhbahaei S³⁰
Shin MJ¹⁰⁰
Shiri R¹²⁴
Shiue I^{64, 65}
Roba HS⁴
Silva DA⁸¹
Silverberg JI¹²⁷
Singh JA¹²⁹
Stranges S^{17, 107}
Swaminathan S⁴⁶
Tabaresseisdedos R¹³⁰
Tadese F³
Tedla BA^{11, 25}
Tegegne BS^{4, 90}
Terkawi AS^{19, 121, 132}
Thakur JS⁴⁹
Tonelli M¹⁰⁸
Topormadry R^{133, 134}
Tyrovolas S¹³¹
Ukwaja KN¹¹⁸
Uthman OA⁶⁶
Vaezghasemi M⁵⁴
Vasankari T¹²⁶
Vlassov VV¹³⁵
Vollset SE^{1, 71}
Weiderpass E^{51, 70, 72, 125}
Werdecker A¹¹⁴
Wesana J¹³⁶
Westerman R¹¹⁴
Yano Y¹²⁸
Yonemoto N⁸⁸
Yonga G¹³⁷
Zaidi Z¹³⁸
Zenebe ZM¹⁰
Zipkin B¹
Murray CJL¹

Source: New England Journal of Medicine Published:2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS: We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS: In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.) Copyright © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Afshin A, et al.. "Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 377, no. 1, 2017, pp. 13-27.
APA	Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradilakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama JS, Vos T, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Ahmed MB, Alaly Z, Alkerwi A, Alraddadi R, Amare AT, ... Murray CJL (2017). Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1), 13-27.
Chicago	Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, et al.. "Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years." New England Journal of Medicine 377, no. 1 (2017): 13-27.
Harvard	Afshin A et al. (2017) 'Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years', New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1), pp. 13-27.
Vancouver	Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, et al.. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(1):13-27.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Afshin A and Forouzanfar MH and Reitsma MB and Sur P and Estep K and Lee A and Marczak L and Mokdad AH and Moradilakeh M and Naghavi M and Salama JS and Vos T and Abate KH and Abbafati C and Ahmed MB and Alaly Z and Alkerwi A and Alraddadi R and Amare AT and Amberbir A and Amegah AK and Amini E and Amrock SM and Anjana RM and Arnlov J and Asayesh H and Banerjee A and Barac A and Baye E and Bennett DA and Beyene AS and Biadgilign S and Biryukov S and Bjertness E and Boneya DJ and Camposnonato I and Carrero JJ and Cecilio P and Cercy K and Ciobanu LG and Cornaby L and Damtew SA and Dandona L and Dandona R and Dharmaratne SD and Duncan BB and Eshrati B and Esteghamati A and Feigin VL and Fernandes JC and Furst T and Gebrehiwot TT and Gold A and Gona PN and Goto A and Habtewold TD and Hadush KT and Hafezinejad N and Hay SI and Horino M and Islami F and Kamal R and Kasaeian A and Katikireddi SV and Kengne AP and Kesavachandran CN and Khader YS and Khang YH and Khubchandani J and Kim D and Kim YJ and Kinfu Y and Kosen S and Ku T and Defo BK and Kumar GA and Larson HJ and Leinsalu M and Liang X and Lim SS and Liu P and Lopez AD and Lozano R and Majeed A and Malekzadeh R and Malta DC and Mazidi M and Mcalinden C and Mcgarvey ST and Mengistu DT and Mensah GA and Mensink GB and Mezgebe HB and Mirrakhimov EM and Mueller UO and Noubiap JJ and Obermeyer CM and Ogbo FA and Owolabi MO and Patton GC and Pourmalek F and Qorbani M and Rafay A and Rai RK and Ranabhat CL and Reinig N and Safiri S and Salomon JA and Sanabria JR and Santos IS and Sartorius B and Sawhney M and Schmidhuber J and Schutte AE and Schmidt MI and Sepanlou SG and Shamsizadeh M and Sheikhbahaei S and Shin MJ and Shiri R and Shiue I and Roba HS and Silva DA and Silverberg JI and Singh JA and Stranges S and Swaminathan S and Tabaresseisdedos R and Tadese F and Tedla BA and Tegegne BS and Terkawi AS and Thakur JS and Tonelli M and Topormadry R and Tyrovolas S and Ukwaja KN and Uthman OA and Vaezghasemi M and Vasankari T and Vlassov VV and Vollset SE and Weiderpass E and Werdecker A and Wesana J and Westerman R and Yano Y and Yonemoto N and Yonga G and Zaidi Z and Zenebe ZM and Zipkin B and Murray CJL}, title = {Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years}, journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, volume = {377}, number = {1}, pages = {13-27}, year = {2017} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Afshin A AU - Forouzanfar MH AU - Reitsma MB AU - Sur P AU - Estep K AU - Lee A AU - Marczak L AU - Mokdad AH AU - Moradilakeh M AU - Naghavi M AU - Salama JS AU - Vos T AU - Abate KH AU - Abbafati C AU - Ahmed MB AU - Alaly Z AU - Alkerwi A AU - Alraddadi R AU - Amare AT AU - Amberbir A AU - Amegah AK AU - Amini E AU - Amrock SM AU - Anjana RM AU - Arnlov J AU - Asayesh H AU - Banerjee A AU - Barac A AU - Baye E AU - Bennett DA AU - Beyene AS AU - Biadgilign S AU - Biryukov S AU - Bjertness E AU - Boneya DJ AU - Camposnonato I AU - Carrero JJ AU - Cecilio P AU - Cercy K AU - Ciobanu LG AU - Cornaby L AU - Damtew SA AU - Dandona L AU - Dandona R AU - Dharmaratne SD AU - Duncan BB AU - Eshrati B AU - Esteghamati A AU - Feigin VL AU - Fernandes JC AU - Furst T AU - Gebrehiwot TT AU - Gold A AU - Gona PN AU - Goto A AU - Habtewold TD AU - Hadush KT AU - Hafezinejad N AU - Hay SI AU - Horino M AU - Islami F AU - Kamal R AU - Kasaeian A AU - Katikireddi SV AU - Kengne AP AU - Kesavachandran CN AU - Khader YS AU - Khang YH AU - Khubchandani J AU - Kim D AU - Kim YJ AU - Kinfu Y AU - Kosen S AU - Ku T AU - Defo BK AU - Kumar GA AU - Larson HJ AU - Leinsalu M AU - Liang X AU - Lim SS AU - Liu P AU - Lopez AD AU - Lozano R AU - Majeed A AU - Malekzadeh R AU - Malta DC AU - Mazidi M AU - Mcalinden C AU - Mcgarvey ST AU - Mengistu DT AU - Mensah GA AU - Mensink GB AU - Mezgebe HB AU - Mirrakhimov EM AU - Mueller UO AU - Noubiap JJ AU - Obermeyer CM AU - Ogbo FA AU - Owolabi MO AU - Patton GC AU - Pourmalek F AU - Qorbani M AU - Rafay A AU - Rai RK AU - Ranabhat CL AU - Reinig N AU - Safiri S AU - Salomon JA AU - Sanabria JR AU - Santos IS AU - Sartorius B AU - Sawhney M AU - Schmidhuber J AU - Schutte AE AU - Schmidt MI AU - Sepanlou SG AU - Shamsizadeh M AU - Sheikhbahaei S AU - Shin MJ AU - Shiri R AU - Shiue I AU - Roba HS AU - Silva DA AU - Silverberg JI AU - Singh JA AU - Stranges S AU - Swaminathan S AU - Tabaresseisdedos R AU - Tadese F AU - Tedla BA AU - Tegegne BS AU - Terkawi AS AU - Thakur JS AU - Tonelli M AU - Topormadry R AU - Tyrovolas S AU - Ukwaja KN AU - Uthman OA AU - Vaezghasemi M AU - Vasankari T AU - Vlassov VV AU - Vollset SE AU - Weiderpass E AU - Werdecker A AU - Wesana J AU - Westerman R AU - Yano Y AU - Yonemoto N AU - Yonga G AU - Zaidi Z AU - Zenebe ZM AU - Zipkin B AU - Murray CJL TI - Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years JO - New England Journal of Medicine VL - 377 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 27 PY - 2017 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Afshin A, et al.. "Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years." New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 377, no. 1, 2017, pp. 13-27.

APA

Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradilakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama JS, Vos T, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Ahmed MB, Alaly Z, Alkerwi A, Alraddadi R, Amare AT, ... Murray CJL (2017). Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1), 13-27.

Chicago

Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, et al.. "Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years." New England Journal of Medicine 377, no. 1 (2017): 13-27.

Harvard

Afshin A et al. (2017) 'Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years', New England Journal of Medicine, 377(1), pp. 13-27.

Vancouver

Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, et al.. Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years. New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;377(1):13-27.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Afshin A and Forouzanfar MH and Reitsma MB and Sur P and Estep K and Lee A and Marczak L and Mokdad AH and Moradilakeh M and Naghavi M and Salama JS and Vos T and Abate KH and Abbafati C and Ahmed MB and Alaly Z and Alkerwi A and Alraddadi R and Amare AT and Amberbir A and Amegah AK and Amini E and Amrock SM and Anjana RM and Arnlov J and Asayesh H and Banerjee A and Barac A and Baye E and Bennett DA and Beyene AS and Biadgilign S and Biryukov S and Bjertness E and Boneya DJ and Camposnonato I and Carrero JJ and Cecilio P and Cercy K and Ciobanu LG and Cornaby L and Damtew SA and Dandona L and Dandona R and Dharmaratne SD and Duncan BB and Eshrati B and Esteghamati A and Feigin VL and Fernandes JC and Furst T and Gebrehiwot TT and Gold A and Gona PN and Goto A and Habtewold TD and Hadush KT and Hafezinejad N and Hay SI and Horino M and Islami F and Kamal R and Kasaeian A and Katikireddi SV and Kengne AP and Kesavachandran CN and Khader YS and Khang YH and Khubchandani J and Kim D and Kim YJ and Kinfu Y and Kosen S and Ku T and Defo BK and Kumar GA and Larson HJ and Leinsalu M and Liang X and Lim SS and Liu P and Lopez AD and Lozano R and Majeed A and Malekzadeh R and Malta DC and Mazidi M and Mcalinden C and Mcgarvey ST and Mengistu DT and Mensah GA and Mensink GB and Mezgebe HB and Mirrakhimov EM and Mueller UO and Noubiap JJ and Obermeyer CM and Ogbo FA and Owolabi MO and Patton GC and Pourmalek F and Qorbani M and Rafay A and Rai RK and Ranabhat CL and Reinig N and Safiri S and Salomon JA and Sanabria JR and Santos IS and Sartorius B and Sawhney M and Schmidhuber J and Schutte AE and Schmidt MI and Sepanlou SG and Shamsizadeh M and Sheikhbahaei S and Shin MJ and Shiri R and Shiue I and Roba HS and Silva DA and Silverberg JI and Singh JA and Stranges S and Swaminathan S and Tabaresseisdedos R and Tadese F and Tedla BA and Tegegne BS and Terkawi AS and Thakur JS and Tonelli M and Topormadry R and Tyrovolas S and Ukwaja KN and Uthman OA and Vaezghasemi M and Vasankari T and Vlassov VV and Vollset SE and Weiderpass E and Werdecker A and Wesana J and Westerman R and Yano Y and Yonemoto N and Yonga G and Zaidi Z and Zenebe ZM and Zipkin B and Murray CJL}, title = {Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years}, journal = {New England Journal of Medicine}, volume = {377}, number = {1}, pages = {13-27}, year = {2017} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Afshin A
AU - Forouzanfar MH
AU - Reitsma MB
AU - Sur P
AU - Estep K
AU - Lee A
AU - Marczak L
AU - Mokdad AH
AU - Moradilakeh M
AU - Naghavi M
AU - Salama JS
AU - Vos T
AU - Abate KH
AU - Abbafati C
AU - Ahmed MB
AU - Alaly Z
AU - Alkerwi A
AU - Alraddadi R
AU - Amare AT
AU - Amberbir A
AU - Amegah AK
AU - Amini E
AU - Amrock SM
AU - Anjana RM
AU - Arnlov J
AU - Asayesh H
AU - Banerjee A
AU - Barac A
AU - Baye E
AU - Bennett DA
AU - Beyene AS
AU - Biadgilign S
AU - Biryukov S
AU - Bjertness E
AU - Boneya DJ
AU - Camposnonato I
AU - Carrero JJ
AU - Cecilio P
AU - Cercy K
AU - Ciobanu LG
AU - Cornaby L
AU - Damtew SA
AU - Dandona L
AU - Dandona R
AU - Dharmaratne SD
AU - Duncan BB
AU - Eshrati B
AU - Esteghamati A
AU - Feigin VL
AU - Fernandes JC
AU - Furst T
AU - Gebrehiwot TT
AU - Gold A
AU - Gona PN
AU - Goto A
AU - Habtewold TD
AU - Hadush KT
AU - Hafezinejad N
AU - Hay SI
AU - Horino M
AU - Islami F
AU - Kamal R
AU - Kasaeian A
AU - Katikireddi SV
AU - Kengne AP
AU - Kesavachandran CN
AU - Khader YS
AU - Khang YH
AU - Khubchandani J
AU - Kim D
AU - Kim YJ
AU - Kinfu Y
AU - Kosen S
AU - Ku T
AU - Defo BK
AU - Kumar GA
AU - Larson HJ
AU - Leinsalu M
AU - Liang X
AU - Lim SS
AU - Liu P
AU - Lopez AD
AU - Lozano R
AU - Majeed A
AU - Malekzadeh R
AU - Malta DC
AU - Mazidi M
AU - Mcalinden C
AU - Mcgarvey ST
AU - Mengistu DT
AU - Mensah GA
AU - Mensink GB
AU - Mezgebe HB
AU - Mirrakhimov EM
AU - Mueller UO
AU - Noubiap JJ
AU - Obermeyer CM
AU - Ogbo FA
AU - Owolabi MO
AU - Patton GC
AU - Pourmalek F
AU - Qorbani M
AU - Rafay A
AU - Rai RK
AU - Ranabhat CL
AU - Reinig N
AU - Safiri S
AU - Salomon JA
AU - Sanabria JR
AU - Santos IS
AU - Sartorius B
AU - Sawhney M
AU - Schmidhuber J
AU - Schutte AE
AU - Schmidt MI
AU - Sepanlou SG
AU - Shamsizadeh M
AU - Sheikhbahaei S
AU - Shin MJ
AU - Shiri R
AU - Shiue I
AU - Roba HS
AU - Silva DA
AU - Silverberg JI
AU - Singh JA
AU - Stranges S
AU - Swaminathan S
AU - Tabaresseisdedos R
AU - Tadese F
AU - Tedla BA
AU - Tegegne BS
AU - Terkawi AS
AU - Thakur JS
AU - Tonelli M
AU - Topormadry R
AU - Tyrovolas S
AU - Ukwaja KN
AU - Uthman OA
AU - Vaezghasemi M
AU - Vasankari T
AU - Vlassov VV
AU - Vollset SE
AU - Weiderpass E
AU - Werdecker A
AU - Wesana J
AU - Westerman R
AU - Yano Y
AU - Yonemoto N
AU - Yonga G
AU - Zaidi Z
AU - Zenebe ZM
AU - Zipkin B
AU - Murray CJL
TI - Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries Over 25 Years
JO - New England Journal of Medicine
VL - 377
IS - 1
SP - 13
EP - 27
PY - 2017
ER -

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