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Burden of Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study Publisher Pubmed



Mokdad AH1 ; El Bcheraoui C2 ; Afshin A1 ; Charara R3 ; Khalil I1 ; Moradilakeh M4 ; Kassebaum NJ1, 5 ; Collison M1 ; Daoud F1 ; Krohn KJ1 ; Chew A1 ; Biryukov SH1 ; Cornaby L1 ; Foreman KJ1, 6 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Mokdad AH1
  2. El Bcheraoui C2
  3. Afshin A1
  4. Charara R3
  5. Khalil I1
  6. Moradilakeh M4
  7. Kassebaum NJ1, 5
  8. Collison M1
  9. Daoud F1
  10. Krohn KJ1
  11. Chew A1
  12. Biryukov SH1
  13. Cornaby L1
  14. Foreman KJ1, 6
  15. Kutz M1
  16. Liu P1
  17. Reitsma M1
  18. Sur P1
  19. Wang H1
  20. Zipkin B1
  21. Arnlov J7, 8
  22. Abbafati C9
  23. Abdulle AM10
  24. Aburmeileh NME11
  25. Ahmed MB12
  26. Alaly Z13
  27. Alam K14, 15, 16
  28. Alizadehnavaei R17
  29. Alkerwi A18
  30. Altirkawi KA19
  31. Alvisguzman N20
  32. Baune BT21
  33. Bedi N22
  34. Bennett DA23
  35. Beyene AS24
  36. Bhutta ZA25, 26
  37. Birhanu MM27, 28
  38. Danawi H29
  39. Fereshtehnejad SM30
  40. Fischer F31
  41. Gebrehiwot TT32
  42. Gill PS33, 34
  43. Gona PN35
  44. Gupta V36
  45. Habtewold TD37, 38
  46. Hamadeh RR39
  47. Hamidi S40
  48. Hareri HA41
  49. Horino M42
  50. Hsairi M43
  51. Javanbakht M44
  52. John D45
  53. Jonas JB46
  54. Joshua V47
  55. Kasaeian A48, 49
  56. Ketema EB28
  57. Khader YS50
  58. Khan EA51
  59. Khubchandani J52
  60. Kim D53
  61. Kim YJ54
  62. Kinfu Y55
  63. Kokubo Y56
  64. Larson HJ1, 57
  65. Lee PH58
  66. Lunevicius R59, 60
  67. Abd El Razek HM61
  68. Abd El Razek MM62
  69. Malekzadeh R63
  70. Mate KK64
  71. Memish ZA65, 66
  72. Mengistie MA32
  73. Mensah GA67
  74. Ogbo FA68
  75. Pourmalek F69
  76. Rafay A70, 71
  77. Qorbani M72
  78. Rahimimovaghar V73
  79. Rana SM70, 71
  80. Rawaf S6
  81. Renzaho AMN74
  82. Rezaei S75
  83. Rezai MS76
  84. Safdarian M77
  85. Sahraian MA78
  86. Salamati P73
  87. Samy AM79
  88. Sanabria JR80, 81
  89. Santric Milicevic MM82, 83
  90. Sartorius B84, 85
  91. Sepanlou SG86
  92. Shaikh MA87
  93. Shiri R88
  94. Silva DAS89
  95. Singh JA90
  96. Terkawi AS91, 92, 93
  97. Tiruye TY94
  98. Ukwaja KN95
  99. Vasankari T96
  100. Vlassov VV97
  101. Wakayo T32
  102. Werdecker A98
  103. Yonemoto N99
  104. Younis MZ100
  105. Zein B101
  106. Jumaan AO102
  107. Vos T1
  108. Hay SI1, 103
  109. Naghavi M1
  110. Murray CJL1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States
  3. 3. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  4. 4. Department of Community Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  8. 8. School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
  9. 9. La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  10. 10. New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  11. 11. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, West Bank, Palestine
  12. 12. College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, ICT and e-Learning Coordinator, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromiya, Ethiopia
  13. 13. Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  14. 14. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  15. 15. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  16. 16. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  17. 17. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
  18. 18. Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
  19. 19. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  20. 20. Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  21. 21. School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  22. 22. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  23. 23. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  24. 24. College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  25. 25. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  26. 26. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  27. 27. University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  28. 28. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  29. 29. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  30. 30. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  31. 31. School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  32. 32. Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
  33. 33. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  34. 34. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  35. 35. University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  36. 36. Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, Delhi, India
  37. 37. University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  38. 38. Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  39. 39. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  40. 40. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  41. 41. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Bureau of Child, Family & Community Wellness, Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, NV, United States
  43. 43. Department of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
  44. 44. University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  45. 45. International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, Delhi, India
  46. 46. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  47. 47. National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  48. 48. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Irbid, Jordan
  51. 51. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
  52. 52. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  53. 53. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  54. 54. Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Southern University College, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
  55. 55. Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  56. 56. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
  57. 57. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  58. 58. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  59. 59. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  60. 60. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  61. 61. Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  62. 62. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  63. 63. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  64. 64. McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  65. 65. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  66. 66. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  67. 67. Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  68. 68. Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  69. 69. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  70. 70. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
  71. 71. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
  72. 72. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  73. 73. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  74. 74. Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  75. 75. School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  76. 76. Infectious Disease Research Centre with Focus on Nosocomial Infection, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
  77. 77. Sina Trauma & Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  78. 78. MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  79. 79. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  80. 80. J Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall Univeristy, Huntington, WV, United States
  81. 81. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  82. 82. Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
  83. 83. Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
  84. 84. Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa
  85. 85. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Durban, South Africa
  86. 86. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  87. 87. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  88. 88. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Work Organizations, Work Disability Program, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  89. 89. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  90. 90. University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
  91. 91. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  92. 92. Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  93. 93. Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  94. 94. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  95. 95. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
  96. 96. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
  97. 97. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  98. 98. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Hessen, Germany
  99. 99. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  100. 100. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  101. 101. Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  102. 102. Independent Consultant, Seattle, WA, United States
  103. 103. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Source: International Journal of Public Health Published:2018


Abstract

Objectives: We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study results to explore the burden of high body mass index (BMI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Methods: We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children (2–19 years) and adults (≥20 years) in 1980 and 2015. The burden of disease related to high BMI was calculated using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. Results: The prevalence of obesity increased for adults from 15.1% (95% UI 13.4–16.9) in 1980 to 20.7% (95% UI 18.8–22.8) in 2015. It increased from 4.1% (95% UI 2.9–5.5) to 4.9% (95% UI 3.6–6.4) for the same period among children. In 2015, there were 417,115 deaths and 14,448,548 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI in EMR, which constitute about 10 and 6.3% of total deaths and DALYs, respectively, for all ages. Conclusions: This is the first study to estimate trends in obesity burden for the EMR from 1980 to 2015. We call for EMR countries to invest more resources in prevention and health promotion efforts to reduce this burden. © 2017, The Author(s).
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