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The Role of the Cerebellum in Multiple Sclerosis Publisher Pubmed



Weier K1, 2 ; Banwell B3 ; Cerasa A4 ; Collins DL1, 5 ; Dogonowski AM6 ; Lassmann H7 ; Quattrone A8 ; Sahraian MA9 ; Siebner HR10 ; Sprenger T2, 11
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  2. 2. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  3. 3. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  4. 4. IBFM, National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
  5. 5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  6. 6. Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
  7. 7. Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  8. 8. Institute of Neurology, University “Magna Graecia�, Germaneto, Germaneto, (CZ), Italy
  9. 9. MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
  11. 11. Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) AG, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Source: Cerebellum Published:2015


Abstract

In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebellar signs and symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction are frequent and contribute to clinical disability with only poor response to symptomatic treatment. The current consensus paper highlights the broad range of clinical signs and symptoms of MS patients, which relate to cerebellar dysfunction. There is considerable evidence of cerebellar involvement in MS based on clinical, histopathological as well as structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The review of the recent literature, however, also demonstrates a high variability of results. These discrepancies are, at least partially, caused by the use of different techniques and substantial heterogeneity among the patient cohorts in terms of disease duration, number of patients, and progressive vs. relapsing disease courses. Moreover, the majority of studies were cross-sectional, providing little insight into the dynamics of cerebellar involvement in MS. Some links between the histopathological changes, the structural and functional abnormalities as captured by MRI, cerebellar dysfunction, and the clinical consequences are starting to emerge and warrant further study. A consensus is formed that this line of research will benefit from advances in neuroimaging techniques that allow to trace cerebellar involvement at higher resolution. Using a prospective study design, multimodal high-resolution cerebellar imaging is highly promising, particularly in patients who present with radiologically or clinically isolated syndromes or newly diagnosed MS. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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