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Serotonin Level As a Potent Diabetes Biomarker Based on Electrochemical Sensing: A New Approach in a Zebra Fish Model Publisher Pubmed



Khoshnevisan K1, 2, 3 ; Baharifar H4 ; Torabi F6 ; Sadeghi Afjeh M2 ; Maleki H7 ; Honarvarfard E8 ; Mohammadi H3 ; Sajjadijazi SM2, 9 ; Mahmoudikohan S6 ; Faridbod F6 ; Larijani B2 ; Saadat F10 ; Faridi Majidi R7 ; Khorramizadeh MR1, 2, 3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
  2. 2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
  3. 3. Zebrafish Core Facility, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran
  5. 5. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
  6. 6. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, 13699-5810, NY, United States
  9. 9. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411713137, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, 41887-94755, Iran

Source: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Published:2021


Abstract

Serotonin (5-HT) levels have been associated with several exclusively metabolic disorders. Herein, a new approach for 5-HT level as a novel biomarker of diabetes mellitus is considered using a simple nanocomposite and HPLC method. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) comprising gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was decorated with 18-crown-6 (18.Cr.6) to fabricate a simple nanocomposite (rGO-AuNPs-18.Cr.6). The nanocomposite was positioned on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form an electrochemical sensor for the biomarker 5-HT in the presence of L-tryptophan (L-Trp), dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), urea, and glucose. The nanocomposite exhibited efficient catalytic activity for 5-HT detection by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The proposed sensor displayed high selectivity, excellent reproducibility, notable anti-interference ability, and long-term stability even after 2 months. SWV defined a linear range of 5-HT concentration from 0.4 to 10 μg L−1. A diabetic animal model (diabetic zebrafish model) was then applied to investigate 5-HT as a novel biomarker of diabetes. A limit of detection (LOD) of about 0.33 μg L−1 was found for the diabetic group and 0.15 μg L−1 for the control group. The average levels of 5-HT obtained were 9 and 2 μg L−1 for control and diabetic groups, respectively. The recovery, relative standard deviation (RSD), and relative error (RE) were found to be about 97%, less than 2%, and around 3%, respectively. The significant reduction in 5-HT level in the diabetic group compared to the control group proved that the biomarker 5-HT can be applied for the early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.