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Association of Fusobacterium Isolation From Periodontal Pockets With Halitosis and the Related Risk Factors in Shiraz, Iran Publisher Pubmed



Ebrahimsaraie HS1 ; Motamedifar M1, 3 ; Mansury D1 ; Ebrahimi H4 ; Pourshahidi S5 ; Halaji M1 ; Shahraki HR6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  2. 2. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  3. 3. Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Source: Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases Published:2015


Abstract

Background: Over recent decades, halitosis has become a priority in oral hygiene maintenance. Bad breath is one of the primary reasons for referral to dentists in Iran. Although halitosis is mainly caused by endogenous factors such as microbial metabolism, it is a multifactorial condition. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the probable relationship of the presence of Fusobacterium species in periodontal pockets with halitosis and determine the risk factors for this condition. Patients and Methods: This case–control study included patients referred to a polyclinic in Shiraz, which is located in Fars province in the southwest of Iran. In total, 50 patients with halitosis confirmed by an organoleptic test and 50 patients without oral malodor were recruited. Samples were obtained from their periodontal pockets using absorbent paper points and cultured for characterization by biochemical tests. Results: In total, 26% (n = 13) and 8% (n = 4) samples were positive for Fusobacterium species in the halitosis and control groups, respectively, with F. nucleatum present in the greatest proportion in both groups. Halitophobia was significantly more frequent in the halitosis group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Sinusitis was the most common systemic disease. Moreover, the halitosis group patients exhibited a greater tendency to include curry powder, chili, and sausage in their diet compared with the control subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the presence of Fusobacterium species in periodontal pockets is an important risk factor for halitosis. © 2015, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center.