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Euphorbia Granulata Forssk: Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Induction in Breast Cancer Cells Publisher



Mahdavi B1 ; Zare H2, 3 ; Qorbani M1 ; Atabati H4 ; Vaezi Kakhki MR5 ; Raoofi A6 ; Ebrahimi V7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
  6. 6. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  8. 8. Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Source: South African Journal of Botany Published:2022


Abstract

Euphorbia is one of the six largest genera of flowering plants. The Euphorbia species are widely distributed throughout the world. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic compounds profile, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction of Euphorbia. granulata extract (EGE) on breast cancer cells. In this experiment, we used HPLC analysis to attain the phenolic and flavonoid compound profile. The total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) were evaluated by classic procedures. Besides, the antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed. MTT assay was performed and caspase-3 activity was also measured to detect the effect of E. granulata on the MCF-7 cell line. Rutin with the amount of 6.40 µg/mg extract was identified as the main component in EGE. The extract was rich in TPC and showed high free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 22.96 ± 0.84 μg/mL). Based on MTT assay results, EGE exhibited anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7 cells with the IC50 value of 25.17 ± 0.95 µg/mL. EGE also affected MCF-7 cells by reducing cell viability via the induction of apoptosis. So, the treatment of the cells by EGE exhibited an increase in caspase-3 activity. These findings indicated that EGE has a rich source of phenolic compounds and the extract can be a potent anticancer agent in inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells and probably other cancer cells. © 2022 SAAB