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Intentional Injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study Publisher Pubmed



Mokdad AH1 ; Moradilakeh M2 ; Charara R3 ; El Bcheraoui C4 ; Khalil I4 ; Afshin A1 ; Kassebaum NJ1, 5 ; Collison M1 ; Chew A4 ; Krohn KJ1 ; Daoud F4 ; Colombara D4 ; Graetz N1 ; Kutz M4 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Mokdad AH1
  2. Moradilakeh M2
  3. Charara R3
  4. El Bcheraoui C4
  5. Khalil I4
  6. Afshin A1
  7. Kassebaum NJ1, 5
  8. Collison M1
  9. Chew A4
  10. Krohn KJ1
  11. Daoud F4
  12. Colombara D4
  13. Graetz N1
  14. Kutz M4
  15. Wang H1
  16. Abdallah F6
  17. Aburaddad LJ7
  18. Ahmad Kiadaliri A8
  19. Beshir Ahmed M9
  20. Alam K10, 11, 12
  21. Alghnam S13, 14
  22. Alizadehnavaei R15
  23. Alraddadi R16
  24. Altirkawi KA17
  25. Anber N18
  26. Anwari P19
  27. Avilaburgos L20
  28. Awasthi A21
  29. Barac A22
  30. Barkercollo SL23
  31. Bedi N24
  32. Bhutta ZA25, 26
  33. Borschmann R11, 27
  34. Boufous S28
  35. Butt ZA29
  36. Castanedaorjuela CA30, 31
  37. Dalal K32
  38. Danawi H33
  39. De Leo D34
  40. Dharmaratne SD35
  41. Djalalinia S36
  42. Doyle KE37, 38
  43. Esteghamati A39
  44. Faro A40
  45. Farvid MS41, 42
  46. Fereshtehnejad SM43
  47. Fischer F44
  48. Tewelde Gebrehiwot T45
  49. Gutierrez RA46
  50. Hafezinejad N39
  51. Ribhi Hamadeh R47
  52. Hamidi S48
  53. Maria Haro J49
  54. Hendrie D50
  55. Hu G51
  56. Jonas JB52
  57. Kasaeian A53, 54
  58. Njenga Keiyoro P55, 56
  59. Saleh Khader Y57
  60. Ahmad Khan E58
  61. Khubchandani J59
  62. Kopec JA60, 81
  63. Larson HJ1, 61
  64. Abdul Latif A62
  65. Tesema Leshargie C63
  66. Lunevicius R64, 65
  67. Magdy Abd El Razek M66
  68. Majeed A67
  69. Malekzadeh R68
  70. Memish ZA69, 70
  71. Meretoja TJ71, 72
  72. Miller TR73, 74
  73. Mohammed S75, 76
  74. Makhlouf Obermeyer C77
  75. Akpojene Ogbo F78
  76. Robert Phillips M79, 80
  77. Pourmalek F60, 81
  78. Qorbani M82
  79. Radfar A83
  80. Rafay A84, 85
  81. Rahimimovaghar A86
  82. Rahimimovaghar V87
  83. Kumar Rai R88
  84. Laith Rawaf D89, 90, 91
  85. Rawaf S92
  86. Rezaei S93
  87. Sadegh Rezai M94
  88. Roshandel G68, 95
  89. Safdarian M96
  90. Safiri S97
  91. Salamati P98
  92. Samy AM99, 100
  93. Sartorius B101, 102
  94. Seedat S103
  95. Sepanlou SG68
  96. Ali Shaikh M104
  97. Sobaih BHA17
  98. Tabb KM105
  99. Tehranibanihashemi A106
  100. Temsah MH17, 107
  101. Sulieman Terkawi A108, 109, 110
  102. Topormadry R111, 112
  103. Nnanna Ukwaja K113
  104. Uthman OA114
  105. Yaseri M115, 116
  106. Yonemoto N117
  107. Younis MZ118
  108. Jumaan AO119
  109. Vos T1
  110. Hay SI1, 120
  111. Naghavi M1
  112. Murray CJL1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Community Medicine, Preventative Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  4. 4. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, United States
  5. 5. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  7. 7. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  8. 8. Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  9. 9. College of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, ICT and e-Learning Coordinator, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  10. 10. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
  11. 11. The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  12. 12. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  13. 13. King Abdulah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  14. 14. Center For Injury Research and Policy, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  15. 15. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
  16. 16. Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  17. 17. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  18. 18. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  19. 19. Kabul, Afghanistan
  20. 20. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  21. 21. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  22. 22. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  23. 23. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  24. 24. College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  25. 25. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  26. 26. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
  27. 27. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  28. 28. Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  29. 29. Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
  30. 30. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia
  31. 31. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Public Health Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  32. 32. Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
  33. 33. Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  34. 34. Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  35. 35. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  36. 36. Undersecretary for Research & Technology, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  37. 37. RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  38. 38. Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  39. 39. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  40. 40. Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
  41. 41. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  42. 42. Harvard/ MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  43. 43. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  44. 44. School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  45. 45. Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  46. 46. National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
  47. 47. Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  48. 48. Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  49. 49. Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu—CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
  50. 50. Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
  51. 51. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
  52. 52. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
  53. 53. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  54. 54. Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  55. 55. Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Nairobi, Kenya
  56. 56. School of Continuing and Distance Education, Nairobi, Kenya
  57. 57. Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  58. 58. Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  59. 59. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  60. 60. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  61. 61. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  62. 62. Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
  63. 63. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  64. 64. Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  65. 65. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  66. 66. Aswan University Hospital, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
  67. 67. Department of Primary Care & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
  68. 68. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  69. 69. Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  70. 70. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  71. 71. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  72. 72. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  73. 73. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  74. 74. Centre for Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  75. 75. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
  76. 76. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  77. 77. Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  78. 78. Centre for Health Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  79. 79. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
  80. 80. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  81. 81. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  82. 82. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  83. 83. A T Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
  84. 84. Contech International Health Consultants, Lahore, Pakistan
  85. 85. Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  86. 86. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  87. 87. Sina Trauma and Surgery ResearchCenter, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  88. 88. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, West Bengal, India
  89. 89. WHO Collaborating Centre, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  90. 90. North Hampshire Hospitals, Basingstroke, United Kingdom
  91. 91. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  92. 92. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  93. 93. School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  94. 94. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  95. 95. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  96. 96. Sina Trauma & Surgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  97. 97. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  98. 98. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  99. 99. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  100. 100. Lawrence, KS, United States
  101. 101. Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Kwa Zulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  102. 102. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Durban, South Africa
  103. 103. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  104. 104. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  105. 105. School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
  106. 106. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  107. 107. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  108. 108. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  109. 109. Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  110. 110. Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  111. 111. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  112. 112. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
  113. 113. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
  114. 114. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  115. 115. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Terhan, Iran
  116. 116. Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  118. 118. Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  119. 119. Independent Consultant, Seattle, WA, United States
  120. 120. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  121. 121. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, 98121, WA, United States

Source: International Journal of Public Health Published:2018


Abstract

Objectives: We used GBD 2015 findings to measure the burden of intentional injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2015. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study defines intentional injuries as a combination of self-harm (including suicide), interpersonal violence, collective violence (war), and legal intervention. We estimated number of deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each type of intentional injuries. Results: In 2015, 28,695 individuals (95% UI: 25,474–37,832) died from self-harm, 35,626 (95% UI: 20,947–41,857) from interpersonal violence, and 143,858 (95% UI: 63,554–223,092) from collective violence and legal interventions. In 2015, collective violence and legal intervention was the fifth-leading cause of DALYs in the EMR and the leading cause in Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya; they account for 49.7% of total DALYs in Syria. Conclusions: Our findings call for increased efforts to stabilize the region and assist in rebuilding the health systems, as well as increasing transparency and employing preventive strategies to reduce self-harm and interpersonal injuries. © 2017, The Author(s).
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