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Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)-Based Composite Bone Cements With Different Types of Reinforcement Agents Publisher



Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S1 ; Bakhsheshirad HR1, 2 ; Karbasi S3 ; Fauzi Ismail A4 ; Sharif S2 ; Seifalian A5 ; Savoji H6 ; Berto F7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
  2. 2. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  3. 3. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
  5. 5. London Biosciences Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
  6. 6. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  7. 7. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Source: Encyclopedia of Materials: Composites Published:2021


Abstract

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is presented as well-known bone cements (BCs), which are extensively employed in order to implant fixation in different orthopedic surgeries and trauma treatments. This kind of BCs is a polymeric material that presents outstanding initial fixation between bone and implant. However, it also presents a few drawbacks, including the heat of polymerization that might lead to necrosis and cell damage in the binding sites. Another issue of the PMMA-based bone cement (BC) is the difference between cement elastic modulus and stiffness with natural bone. The characteristics of this BC have drawn numerous investigators׳ attention to improve its characteristics. The present study summarized PMMA-based composite BCs with various kinds of additive agents. Furthermore, the history, various characteristics, and applications of PMMA-based BCs encapsulated with different reinforcement agents are described. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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