Nanoformulations of Plant-Derived Compounds As Emerging Therapeutic Approach for Colorectal Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Biganeh H^{1, 2} ; Dizaji SM^{3, 4} ; Taghipour YD^{4, 5} ; Murtaza G⁶ ; Rahimi R^{7, 8}
Source: Current Drug Delivery Published:2023

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most daunting health problems accompanied by progressive undesirable socio-economic effects. Phytochemicals, bioactive ingredients majorly found in plants, have gained momentum for their potential against CRC occurrence and regres-sion. However, these phytoconstituents are not exempt from biopharmaceutical drawbacks; therefore, novel strategies, especially nanotechnology, are exploited to surmount the aforementioned bottlenecks. The current paper aims to comprehensively review the phytochemical-based nanoformulations and their mechanisms in the setting of CRC. Methods: Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched with the keywords colon cancer or colorectal cancer, and plant, phytochemical, extract, or herb, and nano, nanoformulation, Nanoencapsulation, nanoparticle, nanostructure, or nanoliposome, until January 2021. Results: Of the 1230 research hits, only 69 articles were consequently analyzed. The results indicated nanoformulations of several secondary plant metabolites such as berberine, camptothecin, colchicine, apigenin, chrysin, fisetin, quercetin, curcumin, gallic acid, resveratrol, and ursolic acid have profound effects in a broad range of preclinical models of CRC. A wide variety of nanoformulations have been utilized to deliver these phytochemicals, such as nanocomposite, nanocolloids, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which have consequently decreased tumor angiogenesis and mitochondrial membrane potential, increased radical scavenging activity, induced cell cycle arrest at different phases of the cancer cell cycle, and induction of apoptosis process via decreased anti-apoptotic proteins (BRAF, CD44, and Bcl-2) and increased in pro-apoptotic ones (Bax, Fas, caspase 3,8, and 9), as well as modulated biopharmaceutical properties. Chitosan and PEG and their derivatives are among the polymers exploited in the phytochemicals’ nanoformulations. Conclusion and perspective: To conclude, nanoformulated forms of natural ingredients depicted out-standing anti-CRC activity that could hold promise for help in treating CRC. However, well-designed clinical trials are needed to build up a whole picture of the health profits of nanoformulation of natural products in CRC management. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.