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Carboxymethyl Chitosan Bounded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Gamma-Irradiated Avian Influenza Subtype H9n2 Vaccine to Development of Immunity on Mouse and Chicken Publisher Pubmed



Motamedisedeh F1 ; Saboorizadeh A2 ; Khalili I3 ; Sharbatdaran M4 ; Wijewardana V5 ; Arbabi A6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Microbiology, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
  3. 3. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
  4. 4. Physics and accelerator Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Animal Production and Health Section, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre (VIC), Vienna, Austria
  6. 6. Faulty of Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Source: Veterinary Medicine and Science Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is a low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity in vaccinated mice and broiler chicken by irradiated AIV antigen plus carboxymethyl chitosan bounded iron oxide nanoparticles (CMC-IO NPs) as an adjuvant. Methods: AIV subtype H9N2 with 108.5 EID50/ml and haemagglutinin antigen assay about 10 log2 was irradiated by 30 kGy gamma radiation dose. Then, the gamma-irradiated AIV was used as an inactivated vaccine and conjugated with CMC-IO NPs to improve immune responses on mice. IO NPs must be applied in all activated tests using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (sulfo-NHS), and then functionalized by CMC as IO-CMC. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra on functionalized IO-CMC showed a peak of 638 cm−1 which is a band between metal and O (Fe-O). Results: Based on the comparison between the two X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns on Fe2O3-NPs and IO-CMC, the characteristics of IO-NPs did not change after carboxymethylation. A CHN Analyzer was applied to measure the molecular weight of IO-CMC that was calculated as 1045 g. IO-CMC, irradiated AIV-IO-CMC and formalin AIV-IO-CMC were injected into 42 BALB/c mice in six groups. The fourth group was the negative control, and the fifth and sixth groups were inoculated by irradiated AIV-ISA70 and formalin AIV-ISA70 vaccines. An increase in haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titration was observed in the irradiated AIV-IO-CMC and formalin AIV-IO-CMC groups (p < 0.05). In addition, increases in the lymphoproliferative activity of re-stimulated splenic lymphocytes, interfron-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentration in the irradiated AIV-IO-CMC group demonstrated the activation of Type 1 helper cells. The concentration of IL-4 was without any significant increases in non-group. Conclusions: Accordingly, Th2 activation represented no increase. Finally, the finding showed that AIV-IO-CMC was effective on enhancing immunogenicity as irradiated AIV antigen administered with a clinically acceptable adjuvant (i.e. IO-CMC). © 2021 The Authors. Veterinary Medicine and Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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