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Nanoadjuvants Produced by Advanced Nanochelating Technology in the Inactivated-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccine Formulation: Preliminary Results on Cytokines and Igg Responses Publisher Pubmed



Kalanaky S1 ; Fakharzadeh S1 ; Karimi P1 ; Hafizi M1 ; Jamaati H2 ; Hassanzadeh SM3 ; Khorasani A4 ; Mahdavi M5, 6, 7, 8 ; Nazaran MH1, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, NRITLD, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of BCG Vaccine Production, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
  4. 4. Department of FMD Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
  5. 5. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Medical Division, Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Owner of Nanochelating Technology and Executive Manager and Chairman of Management Board of Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran

Source: Viral Immunology Published:2023


Abstract

Despite the great success of vaccines in various infectious diseases, most current vaccines are not effective enough, and on the contrary, clinically approved alum adjuvants cannot induce sufficient immune responses, including a potent cellular immune response to confer protection. In this study, we used Nanochelating Technology to develop novel nanoadjuvants to boost the potency of the alum-adjuvanted inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. BALB/c mice were immunized twice over 2 weeks with different doses of adjuvanted-vaccine formulations and immune responses were assessed. The analysis results of IFN-c and IL-17 cytokines demonstrated the effectiveness of the nanoadjuvants produced by the Nanochelating Technology in shifting the alum-based vaccine toward a stronger Th1 pattern. In addition, these nanoadjuvants improved IL-2 cytokine response, which shows the efficacy of these novel formulations in inducing specific T lymphocyte proliferation. Using these nanoadjuvants increased IL-10 cytokine secretion that may be representative of a better immunoregulatory impact and may also potentially prevent immunopathology responses. Moreover, specific IgG titer analysis revealed the potency of these nanoadjuvants in improving humoral immune responses. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG response showed that the developed novel formulations induced strong IgG responses against this protein. This study shows that the nanostructures produced by the Advanced Nanochelating Technology have potent adjuvant effects on alum-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to not only compensate for alum weakness in inducing the cellular immune responses by smart regulation of the immune system but also significantly improve the humoral and cellular immune responses simultaneously. © 2023 Mary Ann Liebert Inc.. All rights reserved.
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