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The Association Between Global and Prime Diet Quality Scores and the Risk of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Secondary Analysis of Case-Control Study Publisher



Mehrabani S1 ; Moori MH2 ; Normohammadi M3, 4 ; Shoja M5 ; Eskandarzadeh S4 ; Kazemi SN6 ; Rashidkhani B7 ; Nouri M8 ; Eslamian G9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
  3. 3. Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition Published:2025


Abstract

Introduction: The present aimed to examine the relationship between Global Diet Quality (GDQ) and Prime Diet Quality (PDQ) scores and the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted among patients referred to a gynecological clinic in Tehran using the convenience sampling method. All the participants were examined by a gynecologist to rule out BV based on the presence of three or four of Amsel criteria. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 168 food items was used to estimate participants’ dietary intake. To calculate the GDQ score, 25 food groups were considered, while 21 food groups were used for the PDQ score, based on the of daily consumption (in grams). All statistical analysis were performed using SPSS, and the association between GDQ and PDQ scores and the odds of BV was evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results: After adjusting for age, energy intake, fat intake, BMI, physical activity, familial history of BV, pregnancy history, menstrual cycle, smoking history, and the number of sexual partners in the previous month, significant associations remained between highest tertile of GDQ total (odds ratio (OR) = 0.219, confidence interval (CI) 95%: 0.101–0.475) and positive score (OR = 0.235, CI 95%: 0.103–0.533), as well as PDQ total (OR = 0.277, CI 95%: 0.131–0.583) and healthy score (OR = 0.397, CI 95%: 0.185–0.854) with the odds of BV, compared to the first tertile. Conclusion: A high diet quality, as indicated by high GDQ and PDQ scores, was associated with decreased risk of BV. These findings suggest that dietary intervention may be a viable strategy for the prevention and management of BV. © The Author(s) 2025.
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