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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke and Its Risk Factors, 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Feigin VL1, 2, 13 ; Abate MD14 ; Abate YH15 ; Elhafeez SA16 ; Abdallah F20 ; Abdelalim A20 ; Abdelkader A23 ; Abdelmasseh M27 ; Abdelsalam S28 ; Abdi P30 ; Abdollahi A31 ; Abdoun M45, 46 ; Abdrabu R47 ; Abdulah DM53 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Feigin VL1, 2, 13
  2. Abate MD14
  3. Abate YH15
  4. Elhafeez SA16
  5. Abdallah F20
  6. Abdelalim A20
  7. Abdelkader A23
  8. Abdelmasseh M27
  9. Abdelsalam S28
  10. Abdi P30
  11. Abdollahi A31
  12. Abdoun M45, 46
  13. Abdrabu R47
  14. Abdulah DM53
  15. Abdullahi A56, 57
  16. Abebe M58
  17. Zuniga RAA59, 60
  18. Abhilash ES63
  19. Abiodun OO64
  20. Abiodun O65
  21. Kasem RA66, 67
  22. Aboagye RG68
  23. Abouzid M72
  24. Abreu LG73
  25. Abrha WA82
  26. Abtahi D83
  27. Rumeileh SA103
  28. Abualhasan A20
  29. Abualruz H104
  30. Abugharbieh E105, 110
  31. Abukhadijah HJ119
  32. Aburmeileh NME122
  33. Aburuz S107, 123
  34. Abuzaid A127, 130
  35. Acuna JM131, 132
  36. Adane DE136
  37. Adane MM139
  38. Addo IY145, 151
  39. Adedoyin RA157
  40. Adegboye OA159
  41. Adekanmbi V160
  42. Adhikari K162, 163
  43. Adnani QES164
  44. Adra S110
  45. Adzigbli LA69
  46. Afify AY21
  47. Afolabi AA166
  48. Afrashteh F32
  49. Afzal MS167
  50. Afzal S168, 169
  51. Aghamiri S84
  52. Agyemangduah W170
  53. Ahinkorah BO171
  54. Ahmad A174
  55. Ahmad MM108
  56. Ahmad S176, 177
  57. Ahmad S176, 177
  58. Ahmad T181
  59. Ahmadzade AM182
  60. Ahmed A190, 191
  61. Ahmed A190, 191
  62. Ahmed H195
  63. Ahmed SA196
  64. Ajami M85
  65. Aji B198
  66. Akara EM199
  67. Akinyemi RO200, 207
  68. Akkaif MA208
  69. Akrami AE211, 212
  70. Al Awaidy S214, 216
  71. Al Hamad H120, 121
  72. Al Hasan SM217
  73. Al Qadire M219
  74. Al Taani O220
  75. Alajlouni Y221, 222
  76. Alalalmeh SO24
  77. Alalwan TA223
  78. Alaly Z218, 225
  79. Alamer RM226, 229
  80. Aldhaleei WA232
  81. Aldossary MS233
  82. Alemohammad SY133
  83. Alfatly B234
  84. Algheethi AAS236, 238
  85. Alhalaiqa FN239, 243
  86. Alharrasi M244
  87. Ali A245
  88. Ali MU246, 248
  89. Ali R250
  90. Ali SS252
  91. Ali W253
  92. Alibraheem A106, 256
  93. Alif SM257, 258
  94. Aljunid SM264, 266
  95. Almahmeed W267, 268
  96. Almarwani S270, 271
  97. Alomari MA272, 273
  98. Alonso J279, 280
  99. Alqahtani JS281
  100. Mohammad Alraddadi RM282
  101. Alrawashdeh A274
  102. Alsabri MA286, 287
  103. Alshahrani NZ288
  104. Altaany Z227
  105. Altaf A289
  106. Altammemi AB297, 298
  107. Altwalbeh D254, 300
  108. Alvisguzman N301, 302
  109. Alwafi H303
  110. Alwardat M275
  111. Alworafi YM304, 305
  112. Aly H306
  113. Aly S310, 311
  114. Alyahya MSI276
  115. Alzoubi KH111, 277
  116. Alzyoud WA322
  117. Amani R323, 324
  118. Amegbor PM330
  119. Amera TG331
  120. Amin TT22
  121. Amindarolzarbi A332
  122. Amiri S340
  123. Amu H70
  124. Amugsi DA341
  125. Amusa GA342, 343
  126. Ancuceanu R344
  127. Anderlini D350, 354
  128. Angappan D355
  129. Anil A356, 366
  130. Ansari MTT367
  131. Ansarimoghaddam A368
  132. Ansong R371
  133. Anvari S373
  134. Anwar S251
  135. Anwar SL381, 382
  136. Anyabolo EE383, 385
  137. Anyasodor AE386
  138. Apostol GLC387, 388
  139. Appiah F389, 390
  140. Aqeel M391
  141. Arabloo J33
  142. Bahri RA392
  143. Arafat M423
  144. Aravkin AY2, 3, 4
  145. Ardekani A324
  146. Areda D425, 426
  147. Aregawi BB427
  148. Aregu GM140
  149. Aremu O430
  150. Arifin H431
  151. Arnlov J434, 436
  152. Artamonov AA437
  153. Arulappan J255
  154. Aryal UR438
  155. Aryan Z312, 393
  156. Asbeutah AM259, 440
  157. Asemahagn MA141
  158. Asemu MT137
  159. Asgharijafarabadi M260, 441
  160. Ashemo MY442, 447
  161. Ashraf T290
  162. Aslani A449
  163. Asmerom HA459
  164. Astellburt T146
  165. Athari SS462
  166. Atorkey P237, 464
  167. Atout MMW465
  168. Atreya A466
  169. Aujayeb A467
  170. Ausloos M468, 470
  171. Avan A471
  172. Awad H472
  173. Awotidebe AW56, 473
  174. Ayana LAA443, 474
  175. Aychiluhm SB386, 478
  176. Aynalem AA479
  177. Aynalem ZB480
  178. Azadnajafabad S481
  179. Azami H482
  180. Aziz S483
  181. Azzam AY484, 485
  182. Babu AS487
  183. Babu GR240
  184. Badar M494
  185. Badiye AD495, 496
  186. Taghanaki PB183
  187. Bahramian S497
  188. Bai R506
  189. Baig AA507
  190. Bakkannavar SM488
  191. Bako AT508
  192. Baltatu OC128, 510
  193. Bam K511
  194. Banach M514, 515
  195. Banakar M324, 394
  196. Bandyopadhyay S516, 519
  197. Banik PC522
  198. Bansal K523, 525
  199. Bao Y527, 528
  200. Barboza MA531, 532
  201. Bardhan M533
  202. Barengo NC134
  203. Barkercollo SL535
  204. Barnighausen TW313
  205. Barqawi HJ110
  206. Barrow A539, 540
  207. Barua L522
  208. Bashiri A325
  209. Bashiru HA158
  210. Basiru A542
  211. Bastan MM32, 393
  212. Basu S314, 544
  213. Basu S314, 544
  214. Batra K548
  215. Begde A544, 550
  216. Behnam B551, 552
  217. Behnoush AH395, 555
  218. Belayneh MBY142, 556
  219. Belingheri M557, 558
  220. Bello UM559
  221. Bennett DA517
  222. Bensenor IM560
  223. Berhe FT565
  224. Bermudez ANC570, 571
  225. Beyene HBB574, 576
  226. Beyene KA536, 579
  227. Bhagat DS580
  228. Bhagavathula AS581
  229. Bhala N582, 583
  230. Bhalla A584
  231. Bhardwaj N357
  232. Bhardwaj P358, 359
  233. Bhaskar S585, 586
  234. Bhat AN587
  235. Bhat V593
  236. Bhatti GK594
  237. Bhatti JSS596
  238. Bhuiyan MA599
  239. Bhusal S600
  240. Bikbov B601
  241. Bilgin C602, 603
  242. Biondi A604
  243. Bishaw KA607
  244. Biswas A609
  245. Biswas B610
  246. Bodhare T612
  247. Bogale EK143
  248. Boloor A588
  249. Hashemi MB86
  250. Bonny A613, 614
  251. Basara BB615
  252. Borhany H87
  253. Bosoka SA69, 616
  254. Bouaoud S617, 618
  255. Bouyahya A619, 620
  256. Boyko EJ5, 621
  257. Bozic MM622, 624
  258. Braithwaite D540, 625
  259. Breitner S626, 627
  260. Brenner H628
  261. Britton G629, 630
  262. Brunoni AR560, 561
  263. Bryazka D2
  264. Bugiardini R631
  265. Bulto LN633
  266. Burkart K2, 4
  267. Bustanji Y107, 112
  268. Butt ZA636, 637
  269. Dos Santos FLC315
  270. Camera LA638, 639
  271. Campos LA640, 641
  272. Camposnonato IR642
  273. Cao F645
  274. Capodici A646, 647
  275. Cardenas R648
  276. Carr S316
  277. Carreras G650
  278. Carvalho AF651
  279. Carvalho F652
  280. Castaldellimaia JM561
  281. Castanedaorjuela CA655, 656
  282. Castelpietra G657, 658
  283. Catapano AL659, 663
  284. Cattaruzza MS664
  285. Cegolon L665, 666
  286. Cembranel F667
  287. Cenko E631
  288. Cerin E668, 669
  289. Chadwick J671
  290. Chakraborty C673, 674
  291. Chakraborty S675
  292. Chan JSK676
  293. Chandika RM677
  294. Chandrasekar EK681
  295. Chanie GS683
  296. Chattu VK685, 687
  297. Chaudhary AA688
  298. Chaurasia A689
  299. Chen H691
  300. Chen M692
  301. Chen S537
  302. Chi G317
  303. Chichagi F396
  304. Chimoriya R147, 230
  305. Ching PR694
  306. Chitheer A695
  307. Cho SMJ696, 698
  308. Choi DW702
  309. Chong B703
  310. Chong CL707
  311. Chopra H708
  312. Choudhari SG709
  313. Choudhary R360
  314. Chu DT710
  315. Chukwu IS711
  316. Chung SC712, 713
  317. Cindi Z714
  318. Cioffi I660
  319. Cogen RM2
  320. Columbus A333
  321. Costanzo S718
  322. Couto RAS653
  323. Criqui MH719
  324. Cruzmartins N654, 720
  325. Cuadrahernandez SM643
  326. Da Silva AG74
  327. Dadana S721
  328. Dadras O397, 722
  329. Dai X2, 4
  330. Dalal K724
  331. Dalli LL512
  332. Damiani G661, 725
  333. Damico E605
  334. Dandona L2, 731, 734
  335. Dandona R2, 4, 731
  336. Darwish AH29
  337. Das S735
  338. Dashti M450
  339. Dashtkoohi M398, 399, 400
  340. Dashtkoohi M398, 399, 400
  341. Dastmardi M34, 422
  342. Davletov K737
  343. De La Cruzgongora V644
  344. Deangelo S743
  345. Debele AT460
  346. Debopadhaya S744
  347. Delgadoenciso I745, 746
  348. Demessa BH747
  349. Demetriades AK748, 751
  350. Denovagutierrez E642
  351. Dervisevic E752
  352. Desai HD753
  353. Desale AT137
  354. Desta F754
  355. Devanbu VGC755
  356. Devegowda D756
  357. Dewan SMR757, 758
  358. Dhane AS759
  359. Dhimal M439, 761
  360. Dhulipala VR762
  361. Diaz MJ541
  362. Diress M684
  363. Dodangeh M32
  364. Doegah PT71
  365. Dohare S678
  366. Doheim MF17
  367. Dokova KG764
  368. Dongarwar D765
  369. Doria M665, 766
  370. Doshi OP767
  371. Doshi RP768
  372. Douiri A769
  373. Dowou RK69
  374. Dsouza AC776
  375. Dsouza HL493, 777
  376. Dsouza VS489
  377. Duncan BB778
  378. Duraes AR780, 781
  379. Dziedzic AM782
  380. Ekholuenetale M783
  381. El Bayoumy IF784, 785
  382. El Sayed Zaki M786
  383. Elbarazi I124
  384. Eldahiyat F424, 789
  385. Elgendy IY318, 790
  386. Elhadi M509, 792
  387. Elhuneidi W113
  388. Elmonem MA794
  389. Elmoselhi AB114, 115
  390. Eltaha C795
  391. Emeto TI796
  392. Esezobor CI799, 801
  393. Esfandiari N802
  394. Esmaeili Z401
  395. Esposito F803
  396. Etoom M275
  397. Fabin N804
  398. Fadhil I805
  399. Fagbamigbe AF201, 806
  400. Fagbule OF202, 808
  401. Faghani S400
  402. Fahim A291
  403. Fakhradiyev IR738
  404. Falzone L606, 813
  405. Fareed M814
  406. Fares J213
  407. Sa Farinha CSE816, 817
  408. Al Islam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris M299
  409. Faris PS818, 820
  410. Kouhanjani MF326, 327
  411. Faro A822
  412. Farrokhpour H395, 553
  413. Fasanmi AO823, 824
  414. Fauk NK829, 830
  415. Fazeli P572
  416. Fazylov T739
  417. Feizkhah A374
  418. Fekadu G475, 831
  419. Feng X152, 832
  420. Fereshtehnejad SM434, 686
  421. Ferrara P833, 835
  422. Ferreira N836
  423. Fetensa G476
  424. Feyisa BR446, 477
  425. Fischer F235
  426. Flor LS2, 4
  427. Foley KM633, 829
  428. Fonseca AC837, 838
  429. Foroumadi R402, 403
  430. Foroutan B839
  431. Fortuna D840
  432. Foschi M841, 842
  433. Franklin RC797
  434. Fridayani NKY843
  435. Sridevi G852
  436. Gaal PA853, 854
  437. Gaidhane AM855
  438. Gaipov A856
  439. Galali Y819, 821
  440. Gallus S857
  441. Gandhi AP858
  442. Ganesan B859
  443. Gasevic D258, 749
  444. Gautam P860
  445. Gautam RK861
  446. Gebregergis MW428
  447. Gebrehiwot M566
  448. Gebrekidan KG1570, 1571
  449. Getacher L862
  450. Getahun GK864
  451. Getie M577
  452. Ghadimi DJ88
  453. Ghadirian F89
  454. Jolfayi AG35, 90
  455. Ghafourifard M451
  456. Ghasemi MR91, 92
  457. Ghasemzadeh A450
  458. Ghazy RM18, 865
  459. Gholami E866
  460. Gholami Z867
  461. Ghozy S48
  462. Luza SG868, 869
  463. Gilani JA870
  464. Gill TK871
  465. Gillum RF873, 874
  466. Gindaba EZ875
  467. Gnedovskaya EV12
  468. Goel A876
  469. Goldust M877
  470. Golechha M881
  471. Goleij P882, 883
  472. Golinelli D884, 885
  473. Gona PN372
  474. Gorini G649
  475. Goulart AC562
  476. Goulart BNG778
  477. Gouravani M395
  478. Grivna M124, 886
  479. Grosso G606
  480. Grover A887
  481. Guan SY888
  482. Guarducci G889
  483. Guha A726, 890
  484. Guicciardi S632, 892
  485. Gulati S307
  486. Gunawardane DA893
  487. Guo C670
  488. Guo Z894
  489. Gupta AK732, 895
  490. Gupta B896
  491. Gupta M308
  492. Gupta R897
  493. Gupta RD898, 899
  494. Gupta R897
  495. Gupta S903
  496. Habibzadeh F904
  497. Hadi NR905
  498. Dogahe MH375
  499. Haghiaminjan H906
  500. Haghmorad D907, 908
  501. Hajmirzaian A93, 699
  502. Halimi A94
  503. Hamdy NM910
  504. Hamidi S915
  505. Hamilton EB2
  506. Hanif A292
  507. Hanifi N463
  508. Hankey GJ916, 919
  509. Hannan MA920, 921
  510. Haq ZA573
  511. Hargono A432
  512. Harlianto NI922, 924
  513. Haro JM925, 926
  514. Has EMM433, 928
  515. Hasaballah AI929
  516. Hasan I930
  517. Hasnain MS931
  518. Hassan I932, 933
  519. Tabatabaei MSHZ404
  520. Haubold J934, 935
  521. Havmoeller RJ936
  522. Hay SI2, 4
  523. Hbid Y770
  524. Hebert JJ937, 938
  525. Hegazi OE24
  526. Heidari M939
  527. Hemmati M944, 945, 1472
  528. Heyi DZ946
  529. Hezam K947, 948
  530. Hiraike Y949
  531. Hoan NQ951
  532. Holla R490
  533. Horita N953, 954
  534. Hossain MM956, 957
  535. Hosseinzadeh H958
  536. Hosseinzadeh M959, 962
  537. Adli AH405, 452
  538. Hostiuc M345
  539. Hostiuc S346, 964
  540. Hu B965, 966
  541. Hu C967
  542. Huang J968
  543. Humayun A972
  544. Hussain S973, 974
  545. Huy LD844, 975
  546. Huynh HH845
  547. Hwang BF976, 977
  548. Ibitoye SE203
  549. Ikeda N978
  550. Ikiroma A979
  551. Ilesanmi OS809, 980
  552. Ilic IM622
  553. Ilic MD981
  554. Imam MT982
  555. Immurana M71
  556. Inbaraj LR984
  557. Iqhrammullah M985
  558. Iradukunda A319, 986
  559. Irham LM987
  560. Islam MR900
  561. Ismail F988, 989
  562. Ismail NE990, 991
  563. Iso H992
  564. Isola G604
  565. Itumalla R994
  566. Iwagami M995, 997
  567. Iwu CDCD6
  568. Vinothini J852
  569. Jaafari J376
  570. Jacob L1000, 1001
  571. Jafarzadeh A1002, 1005
  572. Jahrami H1008, 1009
  573. Jain A1010
  574. Jain N1011
  575. Jairoun AA1012
  576. Jaiswal A1013
  577. Jakovljevic M1015, 1016
  578. Yengejeh RJ1017
  579. Janakiraman B1018
  580. Jatau AI1019
  581. Jayapal SK215
  582. Jayaram S1021
  583. Jee SH1022
  584. Jeganathan J587
  585. Jegnie M138
  586. Jema AT754
  587. Jeswani BM1023
  588. Jeyakumar A1024, 1025
  589. Jha AK526
  590. Jha RP1026, 1027
  591. Ji Z1028
  592. Jiang H1029, 1031
  593. Jin S1034
  594. Jin Y969
  595. Jokar M1035
  596. Jonas JB1036, 1037
  597. Joo T853, 1038
  598. Jose J589
  599. Joseph N589
  600. Joshua CE1039
  601. Joukar F377, 378
  602. Jozwiak JJ1040
  603. Jurisson M1041
  604. Kabir A31
  605. Kabir MA1042
  606. Kabir Z1043
  607. Kadashetti V1044
  608. Kalani R7
  609. Kalra S595, 1046
  610. Kamal VK672, 733
  611. Kamireddy A334
  612. Kan H209
  613. Kanaan M1047
  614. Kandel H148, 1048
  615. Kanmodi KK1049, 1050
  616. Kantar RS1051, 1052
  617. Kapoor N495
  618. Karakasis P1053
  619. Karaye IM1056, 1057
  620. Karch A1058
  621. Karimi H395
  622. Karimi SE453
  623. Karimi Y406
  624. Behnagh AK36, 37
  625. Karki P1059
  626. Kasraei H38, 324
  627. Kauppila JH435, 1060
  628. Kaur H1063
  629. Kaydi N1064, 1065
  630. Kayode GA923, 1069
  631. Kazemi F335
  632. Kazemian S407, 408
  633. Kesseguyot E1070, 1071
  634. Khader YS278
  635. Khafaie MA1066, 1067
  636. Khaing IK1072
  637. Khajuria H1073
  638. Khalaji A395, 553
  639. Khalid N1076
  640. Khalil AA293
  641. Khan A351
  642. Khan F283
  643. Khan MN149
  644. Khan M248, 678
  645. Khan MJ1077
  646. Khan MAB125, 1078
  647. Khan YH1079
  648. Khanmohammadi S395, 554
  649. Khatab K1080, 1081
  650. Khatatbeh H1082
  651. Khatatbeh MM228
  652. Khateri S1083
  653. Khatib MN1085
  654. Khayamzadeh M102, 1086
  655. Kashani HRK95
  656. Khidri FF1087
  657. Khokhar M361
  658. Khosla AA179, 1088
  659. Khosravi M39, 1089
  660. Khubchandani J1091
  661. Kian S1092
  662. Kim K1093
  663. Kim MS697, 701
  664. Kim YJ1094
  665. Kimokoti RW1095
  666. Kisa A1096, 1097
  667. Kisa S1098
  668. Kolahi AA96
  669. Koly KN998, 1099
  670. Kompani F409
  671. Marulasiddaiah Kondlahalli SKM1045
  672. Korja M1101
  673. Korshunov VA1104
  674. Korzh O1105
  675. Kosen S1106
  676. Kostev K1107, 1108
  677. Kothari N362
  678. Kotnis AL1109
  679. Laxminarayana SLK1111, 1112
  680. Krishan K1113
  681. Krishna V1115
  682. Krishnamoorthy V8, 1116
  683. Krishnan B1119
  684. Kruja J1120, 1121
  685. Defo BK1122, 1123
  686. Bicer BK1124
  687. Kuddus MA1125
  688. Kuddus M1127
  689. Kugbey N1129
  690. Kulimbet M740, 1130
  691. Kulkarni V1131
  692. Kumar A1133, 1134
  693. Kumar A1133, 1134
  694. Kumar D1136
  695. Kumar GA731
  696. Kumar N589
  697. Kumar R1128
  698. Kumaran SD487, 1501
  699. Kundu A790
  700. Kundu S568, 1137
  701. Kunutsor SK1138, 1139
  702. Kurmi OP807, 1140
  703. Kusuma D1143, 1144
  704. Kutikuppala LVS1145
  705. Kuttikkattu A1146
  706. Kyto V1147, 1148
  707. La Vecchia C662
  708. Lacey B517, 1150
  709. Lahariya C1151, 1152
  710. Lal DK734
  711. Lallukka T61
  712. Lam J853, 1153
  713. Landires I1154, 1155
  714. Larsson AO1156, 1157
  715. Lasrado S1158
  716. Latifinaibin K40
  717. Lauriola P1159
  718. Lavados PM1160, 1161
  719. Lawal BK1162
  720. Le LKD1163
  721. Le NHH1164, 1168
  722. Le TTT1167
  723. Le TDT1167
  724. Lee PH520
  725. Lee SW1170
  726. Lee WC161
  727. Lee YH1171
  728. Li MC1174
  729. Li W878
  730. Li X210
  731. Li Y1175
  732. Lim LL970, 1176
  733. Lim SS2, 4
  734. Lin JC715
  735. Lindholm D1156, 1178
  736. Linn S1179
  737. Liu G172
  738. Liu R1180
  739. Liu S1181
  740. Liu X309, 699
  741. Liu X309, 699
  742. Llanaj E1182, 1183
  743. Lo CH1184
  744. Lo WD891, 1185
  745. Lohner V1186
  746. Lopezgil JF1187
  747. Lorenzovici L1188, 1189
  748. Lorkowski S1190, 1191
  749. Lotufo PA563
  750. Lucchetti G1192
  751. Luo L1193
  752. Lusk JB1117
  753. Ma ZF1195
  754. Machoy M1196
  755. Madadizadeh F1198
  756. Maddison R1199
  757. Mahmoudi E401
  758. Mahmoudvand G1201
  759. Makram OM486, 1202
  760. Rad EM410
  761. Malhotra K583, 1203
  762. Malik AA284
  763. Malik I983
  764. Mallhi TH1079
  765. Malta DC75
  766. Mamun AA352
  767. Manla Y1204
  768. Mansouri MH498
  769. Mansouri P401
  770. Mansouri V411
  771. Mansournia MA412
  772. Mantovani LG834, 1205
  773. Manu E70
  774. Marateb HR1206, 1207
  775. Marjani A1208
  776. Martini D660
  777. Martini S1211, 1212
  778. Martorell M1213, 1214
  779. Maryam S1215
  780. Marzo RR1216, 1217
  781. Masrie A461
  782. Mathangasinghe Y513, 1219
  783. Maulik PK153, 1222
  784. Mayeli M395
  785. Mazidi M771
  786. Mckee M999
  787. Mcphail SM1132, 1223
  788. Mechili EA1224, 1225
  789. Mehmood A679
  790. Mehrabanizeinabad K499
  791. Meto TM1227
  792. Meles HN429
  793. Mendoza W1228
  794. Menezes RG1229
  795. Mensah GA955, 1230
  796. Meo SA1233
  797. Meretoja A1032, 1102
  798. Meretoja TJ62, 1103
  799. Mestrovic T2, 1235
  800. Mettananda CDK1236, 1237
  801. Miazgowski T1197
  802. Michalek IM1238, 1239
  803. Micheletti Gomide Nogueira De Sa AC75
  804. Minervini G1240, 1241
  805. Minh LHN846, 847
  806. Mini GK815, 1242
  807. Mirghafourvand M454
  808. Mirica A470
  809. Mirrakhimov EM1243, 1244
  810. Mirzaaghazadehattari M455, 1245
  811. Mishra M1247
  812. Misra S363
  813. Mithra P589
  814. Mohamed AI444, 1248
  815. Mohamed J1249
  816. Mohamed NS1250, 1251
  817. Mohammad AM54
  818. Mohammadi E393, 413
  819. Mohammadi S395
  820. Mohammadi S395
  821. Mohammadianhafshejani A940, 941
  822. Mohammadzadeh I97
  823. Mohammed H331
  824. Mohammed M241
  825. Mohammed S537
  826. Mohammed S537
  827. Mokdad AH2, 4
  828. Vardanjani HM328
  829. Molokhia M772
  830. Momani S25, 109
  831. Monasta L1257
  832. Moni MA353, 1258
  833. Montazeri F555, 1259
  834. Ghalibaf AAM1260
  835. Moosazadeh M1262
  836. Moradi M44
  837. Moradi Y1084
  838. Moraga P1266
  839. Morawska L1267
  840. Moreira RS1268, 1269
  841. Morrison SD9
  842. Heris RM456, 457
  843. Mossialos E545, 1270
  844. Mousavi P393
  845. Msherghi A793
  846. Mubarik S1194, 1271
  847. Muccioli L632
  848. Mulita A1272
  849. Muniyandi M1273
  850. Munjal K1074
  851. Murillozamora E1274, 1275
  852. Muthu S1276, 1277
  853. Myung W1278, 1280
  854. Nabavi A379
  855. Nabhan AF911, 1281
  856. Nafei A1282
  857. Nagarajan AJ1283, 1284
  858. Naghavi P1285
  859. Naik GR231, 634
  860. Naik G1286
  861. Naimzada MD1291, 1292
  862. Nair S1, 1293, 1294
  863. Nair TS1295
  864. Najdaghi S500, 501
  865. Najmuldeen HHR1296
  866. Ansari NN414, 415
  867. Nangia V1297
  868. Swamy SN1298
  869. Nargus S292
  870. Davani DN500
  871. Nascimento BR76, 77
  872. Nascimento GG1299
  873. Nasrollahizadeh A33, 413, 416
  874. Nasrollahizadeh A33, 413, 416
  875. Natto ZS285, 320
  876. Nauman J126, 1300
  877. Navaratna SNK893, 1220
  878. Nayak BP1073
  879. Nayak VC491
  880. Nazripanjaki A369
  881. Ndejjo R1301
  882. Negoi I347, 1302
  883. Negoi RI348, 1303
  884. Nejadghaderi SA554, 1003
  885. Nejjari C1304, 1305
  886. Nematollahi MH1004
  887. Nepal S1306
  888. Newton CRJ518, 1307
  889. Nguyen DH700, 1308
  890. Nguyen DH700, 1308
  891. Nguyen HTH960, 961
  892. Nguyen HQ1310
  893. Nguyen NNY1311, 1312
  894. Nguyen PT1313
  895. Nguyen VT1165
  896. Niazi RK1314
  897. Nigatu YT1315
  898. Nikravangolsefid N49
  899. Ningrum DNA848, 1316
  900. Nnaji CA1231, 1317
  901. Nnyanzi LA1318
  902. Nomura S950, 1319
  903. Noor STA1100, 1320
  904. Norrving B1321
  905. Nawsherwan N1322
  906. Noubiap JJ872
  907. Nriezedi CA1324
  908. Ntaios G1325
  909. Ntsekhe M1232, 1327
  910. Nugen F50, 1328
  911. Nurchis MC1329, 1330
  912. Nurrika D1331, 1332
  913. Nzoputam CI1333
  914. Nzoputam OJ1334, 1335
  915. Oancea B1336
  916. Obamiro KO798
  917. Odetokun IA543
  918. Odonnell MJ1337
  919. Oguta JO1338
  920. Oh IH1339
  921. Ojoakosile TR825
  922. Okatialiabad H370
  923. Okeke SR150, 151
  924. Okekunle AP204, 1279
  925. Okidi L1341
  926. Okonji OC1342
  927. Oladnabi M1210
  928. Olagunju AT800, 1141, 1142
  929. Olaiya MT511
  930. Olalusi OV205, 810
  931. Olasehinde TA1343, 1344
  932. Olasupo OO1141, 1142
  933. Olatubi MI1345
  934. Oliveira AB564, 1346
  935. Oliveira GMM1347
  936. Olorukooba AA1256
  937. Olufadewa II206, 1348
  938. Oluwafemi YDD1349
  939. Oluwatunase GO1350, 1352
  940. Omar HA111, 1353
  941. Bali AO963
  942. Oneil AE651
  943. Ong SK1354, 1355
  944. Onwujekwe OE384
  945. Opejin AO197
  946. Ordak M1356
  947. Ornello R1358, 1360
  948. Ortegaaltamirano DV643
  949. Ortiz A1361, 1362
  950. Ortizprado E1363
  951. Osman WMS269
  952. Osuagwu UL1364, 1365
  953. Otstavnov SS1291, 1366
  954. Owolabi MO205, 811
  955. Oyeyemi IT1351
  956. Ozair A336, 1367
  957. Padukudru MPA1368
  958. Pachecobarrios K321, 1370
  959. Padronmonedero A1371
  960. Padubidri JR590
  961. Palicz T853, 1038
  962. Palmaalvarez RF1372, 1373
  963. Pan F1020
  964. Pandajonas S538
  965. Katare DP1374
  966. Pandey A439, 1375
  967. Pandey A439, 1375
  968. Pandiperumal SR1376, 1377
  969. Panos LD1378, 1381
  970. Pantazopoulos I1326, 1379
  971. Papadopoulou P1382, 1383
  972. Pardhan S1385
  973. Parija PP1386
  974. Parikh RR1387
  975. Parsons N261
  976. Passera R1388, 1389
  977. Patoulias D1054, 1390
  978. Paudel U439, 1391
  979. Pawar S880
  980. Peden AE154, 797
  981. Pedersini P1394
  982. Peprah P1395
  983. Pereira MO78
  984. Peres MFP561, 1396
  985. Perianayagam A242
  986. Perico N1397
  987. Perna S223
  988. Pestell RG1398, 1399
  989. Petcu IR470
  990. Petermannrocha FE1400, 1401
  991. Pham HN51
  992. Pham HT1402, 1403
  993. Phillips MR693, 1404
  994. Pilgrim T1380
  995. Piradov MA13
  996. Pirouzpanah S458
  997. Plotnikov E1406, 1407
  998. Poddighe D856, 1408
  999. Poluru R1409
  1000. Popovic DS1410, 1411
  1001. Postma MJ165, 1412
  1002. Pourshams A411
  1003. Pourtaheri N1413
  1004. Pradhan J1414
  1005. Pradhan PMS313, 1392
  1006. Prakash V1415
  1007. Prasad M1416
  1008. Prates EJS75
  1009. Pribadi DRA1417
  1010. Puvvula J716
  1011. Qattea I728
  1012. Qian G1181
  1013. Qiao Y1418
  1014. Raggi A1419
  1015. Raghav PR358
  1016. Raghuveer P1420
  1017. Rahim F1421, 1422
  1018. Rahim MJ1287, 1288
  1019. Rahimifard M417
  1020. Rahimimovaghar V404
  1021. Rahman MM492
  1022. Rahman MHU1030, 1126
  1023. Rahman M1126
  1024. Rahman MA1423
  1025. Rahmani AM1424
  1026. Rahmanian M98
  1027. Rahmanian N380
  1028. Rahmanian V1425
  1029. Rahmati R940, 941
  1030. Rahmawaty S1426
  1031. Raj GM1427
  1032. Rajaa S1428
  1033. Rajendran V852
  1034. Rajpoot PL680
  1035. Rajput P1429
  1036. Ram P826
  1037. Ramadan MM116, 787
  1038. Ramadan M1430
  1039. Ramanarayanan V1431
  1040. Ramasamy SK1432
  1041. Ramazanu S704, 1433
  1042. Rana J1434, 1435
  1043. Rana K230
  1044. Rana RK1436
  1045. Ranabhat CL1437, 1438
  1046. Rancic N1439, 1440
  1047. Rane A1441, 1442
  1048. Ranta A1443, 1444
  1049. Rao M490
  1050. Rao SJ1445
  1051. Rashedi S554, 1446
  1052. Rashidi MM96, 393
  1053. Rasoulisaravani A99
  1054. Rathish D1447
  1055. Rauniyar SK950
  1056. Rawaf S546, 1449
  1057. Razo C2
  1058. Reddy MMRK588
  1059. Redwan EMM1450, 1451
  1060. Rehman IU1452
  1061. Remuzzi G1397
  1062. Rezaei N393
  1063. Rezaeian M1006
  1064. Rezazadeh H503, 1007
  1065. Rhee TG878, 1453
  1066. Riaz MA296
  1067. Ribeiro ALP79, 80
  1068. Rodrigues M1454
  1069. Rodrigues Da Silva TPR81, 1455
  1070. Rodriguez JAB1456, 1457
  1071. Roever L178, 1458
  1072. Romadlon DS1459
  1073. Ross AG386
  1074. Rout HS1460, 1461
  1075. Roy B1464
  1076. Roy P1465
  1077. Roy S135
  1078. De Andrade Ruela G1466, 1467
  1079. Russo M1468
  1080. Rwegerera GM1469
  1081. Chandan SN1369
  1082. Saad AMA1470
  1083. Saber K504
  1084. Saberayad MM110, 1471
  1085. Sabet CJ945, 1472
  1086. Sabour S100
  1087. Sacco S1359
  1088. Saddik BA117, 152
  1089. Sadeghi E328
  1090. Saeb MR1473
  1091. Saeed U1474, 1475
  1092. Safi SZZ1476, 1477
  1093. Sagar R1014
  1094. Saghafi A1090
  1095. Sagoe D723
  1096. Sharifaskari FS118
  1097. Sahebkar A184, 185
  1098. Sahoo PM1462
  1099. Sahoo SS1478
  1100. Sajid MR1480
  1101. Salami AA812, 1049
  1102. Salaroli LB1481
  1103. Saleh MA117, 788
  1104. Salem MZY1482, 1483
  1105. Salum GA779, 1484
  1106. Samadzadeh S1485, 1486
  1107. Samargandy S282
  1108. Samodra YL1487, 1488
  1109. Samuel VP1489
  1110. Samy AM912, 913
  1111. Sanabria J27, 729
  1112. Santos IS560, 564
  1113. Santricmilicevic MM622, 623
  1114. Sarasmita MA849, 1490
  1115. Saravanan A364, 1491
  1116. Sarikhani Y324, 1492
  1117. Sarode GS760
  1118. Sarode SC760
  1119. Satpathy M1463, 1493
  1120. Sattouf Z730
  1121. Saya GK1494
  1122. Sayeed MA1495
  1123. Sayyah M1068
  1124. Schaarschmidt BM934, 1405, 1496
  1125. Schlaich MP575, 917
  1126. Schmidt MI778
  1127. Schneider IJC1497
  1128. Schuermans A698, 1498
  1129. Schumacher AE2
  1130. Schutte AE152, 1500
  1131. Schwebel DC1289
  1132. Selvaraj S1177
  1133. Sen P791
  1134. Senapati S596
  1135. Senthilkumaran S1501
  1136. Sergindo MT448
  1137. Sethi Y1502
  1138. Seylani A1503
  1139. Shafie M399
  1140. Shah PA1504
  1141. Shahabi S324
  1142. Shahbandi A418
  1143. Shahid S289, 294
  1144. Shahsavari HR1505
  1145. Shahwan MJ26
  1146. Shaikh MA1506
  1147. Shalash AS914
  1148. Shamim MA356
  1149. Shamsbeyranvand M1507
  1150. Shamsi A26, 251
  1151. Shamsutdinova A741
  1152. Shanawaz M680
  1153. Shannawaz M1075
  1154. Sharath M776
  1155. Sharifan A419, 1508
  1156. Sharifi A1509
  1157. Sharifirad J1172
  1158. Sharma A1510
  1159. Sharma M549
  1160. Sharma S1511
  1161. Sharma U596
  1162. Sharma V1114
  1163. Sheikhi RA942
  1164. Shetty A591
  1165. Shetty M1512
  1166. Shetty PK592
  1167. Shiferaw D445, 1513
  1168. Shigematsu M1514
  1169. Shimels T1515
  1170. Shin MJ1173
  1171. Shiri R1516
  1172. Shittu A1517
  1173. Shitu AKO1518
  1174. Shiue I1061, 1062
  1175. Shorofi SA635, 1263
  1176. Shrestha S1218, 1519
  1177. Shuval K1520
  1178. Si Y155
  1179. Siddig EE193, 1521
  1180. Sikdar M1522
  1181. Silva JP652
  1182. Silva LMLR1523, 1524
  1183. Singh A1110
  1184. Singh B597
  1185. Singh G365, 1525
  1186. Singh H1526
  1187. Singh JA1527, 1529
  1188. Singh K1530
  1189. Singh NP1531
  1190. Singh P1532
  1191. Singh P1532
  1192. Sipila JOT1149, 1533
  1193. Sivakumar S524
  1194. Skryabin VY1534, 1535
  1195. Skryabina AA1536
  1196. Sleet DA827, 1538
  1197. Sobia F680
  1198. Socea B347, 1539
  1199. Al Mamun Sohag A1540
  1200. Solanki R1541, 1542
  1201. Solanki S1543
  1202. Solomon Y863
  1203. Song Y529
  1204. Soraneh S1246
  1205. Sorensen RJD2, 10
  1206. Sotoudeh H1290
  1207. Soyiri IN1544
  1208. Spartalis M1384
  1209. Sreeramareddy CT265
  1210. Srinivasamurthy SK1545
  1211. Stachteas P1055
  1212. Stafford LK2
  1213. Stark BA2
  1214. Starodubova AV1537, 1546
  1215. Subedi N1200, 1393
  1216. Subramaniyan V1547
  1217. Suleman M252, 1323
  1218. Sultana A1548, 1549
  1219. Sun Z1550
  1220. Sundstrom J1156, 1500
  1221. Suresh V690
  1222. Susanty S850, 1551
  1223. Swain CK1460
  1224. Szarpak L1528, 1552
  1225. Sree Sudha TY611
  1226. Damavandi PT1553
  1227. Tabaresseisdedos R927, 1554
  1228. Tabatabaei SM186, 187
  1229. Tabatabai S101
  1230. Tabche C546
  1231. Tabish M175
  1232. Tadakamadla J1555
  1233. Tadakamadla SK569
  1234. Taheri A1264, 1265
  1235. Taiba J1556, 1557
  1236. Talaat IM19, 110
  1237. Talukder A1495, 1558
  1238. Tampa M349, 1559
  1239. Tamuzi JL1560, 1561
  1240. Tan KK705
  1241. Tang H1562
  1242. Tanwar M1290
  1243. Tarigan IU1563
  1244. Tarkang EE70, 473
  1245. Tat NY1564, 1565
  1246. Tavangar SM420
  1247. Tehranibanihashemi A41, 42
  1248. Teimoori M1566
  1249. Temsah MH1234
  1250. Temsah RMH129
  1251. Teramoto M1567
  1252. Tesfamariam WB1570, 1571
  1253. Gta EGT474
  1254. Thakur R1572
  1255. Thangaraju P1573
  1256. Thapa R262
  1257. Thapar R589
  1258. Thayakaran R521, 583
  1259. Thirunavukkarasu S828
  1260. Thomas J1574
  1261. Thomas NKK1575
  1262. Thrift AG263
  1263. Tian J1020
  1264. Tichopad A1576
  1265. Ticoalu JHV1577
  1266. Tiruneh C567
  1267. Tiwari K356
  1268. Tiyuri A43, 1261
  1269. Tonelli M1578
  1270. Topormadry R1579, 1580
  1271. Tovanipalone MR1241
  1272. Trabelsi K1581
  1273. Tran NH173
  1274. Tran TH1166, 1582
  1275. Duc NTM1583
  1276. Trico D1584
  1277. Tromans SJ469, 1585
  1278. Truyen TTTT1586
  1279. Tsai DHT1587, 1588
  1280. Tsatsakis A1226
  1281. Tsermpini EE1589
  1282. Turuse EAA447
  1283. Tyrovolas S249, 1590
  1284. Udoakang AJ1351
  1285. Udoh A1591
  1286. Ullah A1252
  1287. Ullah S1592, 1593
  1288. Umair M167, 1594
  1289. Umar M295
  1290. Unim B1595
  1291. Unnikrishnan B490
  1292. Urso D773, 1596
  1293. Usman JS56, 248
  1294. Vacante M1597
  1295. Vahabi SM413
  1296. Vahdati S52
  1297. Vaithinathan AG224
  1298. Vakili O505
  1299. Valizadeh R1246
  1300. Van Den Eynde J1498
  1301. Varga O1598
  1302. Varthya SB356
  1303. Vasankari TJ1599, 1600
  1304. Vellingiri B598, 1601
  1305. Venketasubramanian N706, 1602
  1306. Verma M1478
  1307. Veroux M605
  1308. Verras GI750, 1603
  1309. Vervoort D337
  1310. Villafane JH1604
  1311. Villani S1605
  1312. Vinayak M763
  1313. Viskadourou M338
  1314. Volovat SR1606, 1607
  1315. Volovici V1608, 1609
  1316. Wafa HA769
  1317. Waheed Y1610, 1611
  1318. Wahood W534
  1319. Wang C217, 1612
  1320. Wang F1613
  1321. Wang S1615, 1616
  1322. Wang S1615, 1616
  1323. Wang Y561
  1324. Wang YP774
  1325. Wanjau MN568, 1618
  1326. Waqas M1619, 1620
  1327. Wassie EG608
  1328. Wassie GT144
  1329. Wei Z1621
  1330. Weintraub RG1622, 1623
  1331. Weldetinsaa HL429
  1332. Wickramasinghe DP1221
  1333. Wickramasinghe ND1448
  1334. Wijeratne T1033, 1624
  1335. Willeit P1625, 1626
  1336. Wolfe CDA775, 1627
  1337. Wong YJ1218
  1338. Wongsin U851
  1339. Wu C1118, 1628
  1340. Wu F1629
  1341. Wu Y1630
  1342. Wu Z1631
  1343. Xiao H1632, 1633
  1344. Xu S682, 1634
  1345. Xu X1499
  1346. Yamagishi K996, 1635
  1347. Yang D540
  1348. Yano Y1636
  1349. Yarahmadi A188, 329
  1350. Yaribeygi H909
  1351. Yasufuku Y993
  1352. Yatsuya H1637
  1353. Yazdanpanah F421, 717
  1354. Yazdanpanah MH411
  1355. Ye P156, 832
  1356. Yesodharan R1111, 1112
  1357. Yezli S1638
  1358. Yi S704, 1639
  1359. Yi X1640
  1360. Yin D1613, 1614
  1361. Yon DK1340
  1362. Yonemoto N1635, 1641
  1363. Yu C1194
  1364. Yu EA1568, 1642
  1365. Yun K1643
  1366. Yusuf H247
  1367. Zadey S1644, 1645
  1368. Zafari N189
  1369. Zaman BA55
  1370. Zaman SB1646
  1371. Zanghi A1647
  1372. Zare I1648
  1373. Zarimeidani F943
  1374. Zarrintan A50
  1375. Zastrozhin M1569, 1649
  1376. Zemedikun D583, 918
  1377. Zeng Y1650
  1378. Zhang B208
  1379. Zhang H339, 530
  1380. Zhang L1651, 1652
  1381. Zhang Y1653, 1654
  1382. Zhang Z1655
  1383. Zhao H1656
  1384. Zhong CC971
  1385. Zhou SC1657
  1386. Zhu B1658
  1387. Zhu L1659
  1388. Zhumagaliuly A742
  1389. Ziafati M38
  1390. Zielinska M1357
  1391. Zikarg YT578
  1392. Zoghi G1660
  1393. Zyoud SH26
  1394. Zyoud SH26
  1395. Johnson CO2
  1396. Roth GA2, 4, 11
  1397. Nair BS1
  1398. Rautalin I1
  1399. Bhati A1
  1400. Bisignano C2
  1401. Vos T2, 4
  1402. Murray CJL2, 4

Source: The Lancet Neurology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. Methods: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6–7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8–11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8–171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0–6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0–99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7–13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4–67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3–28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7–6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4–117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7–38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7–35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8–34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5–11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5–11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5–10·5]). Interpretation: Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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