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Advances and Developments in Transition Metal-Free Benzylic C(Sp3)-H Activation/Functionalization Reactions Publisher



Doraghi F1 ; Kermaninia S2 ; Ghalehsefid ES2 ; Larijani B1 ; Mahdavi M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Source: RSC Advances Published:2025


Abstract

Transition metal-free C(sp3)-H activation of toluene derivatives is known as a green and sustainable methodology for constructing carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Benzylic C(sp3)-H activation/functionalization bond formation can be carried out in the presence of organic/inorganic peroxides, bases, acids, and other radical initiators. These radical transformations also occur under photochemical and electrochemical conditions. In this review, we highlight the C-H activation/annulation or C-H activation/functionalization reactions of benzylic carbon atoms in the presence of non-metal catalysts or promoters or without any catalyst. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.