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Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study Publisher Pubmed



Kassebaum NJ1, 123 ; Olsen HE1 ; Ikeda CT1 ; Echko MM1 ; Ballestreros KE1 ; Manguerra H1 ; Martopullo I1 ; Millear A1 ; Shields C1 ; Smith A1 ; Strub B1 ; Abebe M3 ; Abebe Z4 ; Adhena BM5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kassebaum NJ1, 123
  2. Olsen HE1
  3. Ikeda CT1
  4. Echko MM1
  5. Ballestreros KE1
  6. Manguerra H1
  7. Martopullo I1
  8. Millear A1
  9. Shields C1
  10. Smith A1
  11. Strub B1
  12. Abebe M3
  13. Abebe Z4
  14. Adhena BM5
  15. Adhikari TB6, 7
  16. Akibu M8
  17. Alraddadi RM9
  18. Alvisguzman N10, 11
  19. Antonio CAT12, 13
  20. Aremu O14
  21. Asgedom SW15
  22. Asseffa NA16
  23. Avilaburgos L17
  24. Barac A18, 19
  25. Barnighausen TW20, 21
  26. Bassat Q22, 23
  27. Bensenor IM24
  28. Bhutta ZA25, 26
  29. Bijani A27
  30. Bililign N28
  31. Cahuanahurtado L17
  32. Malta DC29
  33. Chang JC30
  34. Charlson FJ31, 32
  35. Dharmaratne SD1, 33
  36. Doku DT34, 35
  37. Edessa D36
  38. Elkhatib Z37
  39. Erskine HE31, 38
  40. Ferrari AJ31, 38
  41. Fullman N1
  42. Gupta R39, 40
  43. Hassen HY41, 42
  44. Hay SI1, 2
  45. Ilesanmi OS43
  46. Jacobsen KH44
  47. Kahsay A45
  48. Kasaeian A46, 47
  49. Kassa TD48
  50. Kebede S49
  51. Khader YS50
  52. Khan EA51
  53. Khan MN52, 53
  54. Khang YH54, 55
  55. Khubchandani J56
  56. Kinfu Y57, 58
  57. Kochhar S32, 59
  58. Kokubo Y60
  59. Koyanagi A61
  60. Defo BK62, 63
  61. Lal DK64
  62. Kumsa FA65, 66
  63. Larson HJ1, 67
  64. Leung J68
  65. Mamun AA69
  66. Mehata S70
  67. Melku M71
  68. Mendoza W72
  69. Mezgebe HB73
  70. Miller TR74, 75
  71. Moges NA76
  72. Mohammed S20, 77
  73. Mokdad AH1, 2
  74. Monasta L78
  75. Neupane S79
  76. Nguyen HLT80
  77. Ningrum DNA81, 82
  78. Nirayo YL48
  79. Nong VM80
  80. Ogbo FA83
  81. Olagunju AT84, 85
  82. Olusanya BO86
  83. Olusanya JO86
  84. Patton GC87, 88
  85. Pereira DM89, 90
  86. Pourmalek F91
  87. Qorbani M92
  88. Rafay A93
  89. Rai RK94, 95
  90. Ram U96
  91. Ranabhat CL97
  92. Renzaho AMN98
  93. Rezai MS99
  94. Ronfani L78
  95. Roth GA1, 100
  96. Safiri S101
  97. Sartorius B102
  98. Scott JG31, 103
  99. Shackelford KA1
  100. Sliwa K104
  101. Sreeramareddy C105
  102. Sufiyan MB106
  103. Terkawi AS107, 108
  104. Topormadry R109, 110
  105. Tran BX111
  106. Ukwaja KN112
  107. Uthman OA113
  108. Vollset SE1, 2
  109. Weldegwergs KG48
  110. Werdecker A114, 115
  111. Whiteford HA1, 116
  112. Wijeratne T117, 118
  113. Yonemoto N119
  114. Yotebieng M120, 121
  115. Zuhlke LJ104, 122
  116. Kyu HH1, 2
  117. Naghavi M1, 2
  118. Vos T1, 2
  119. Murray CJL1, 2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Harborview Medical Center, Ste 600, 2301 5th Ave, Seattle, 98121, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  3. 3. Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  4. 4. Department of Human Nutrition, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  5. 5. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
  6. 6. Nepal Health Research Environment, Center for Social Science and Public Health Research Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
  7. 7. Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
  8. 8. Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  9. 9. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  10. 10. Research Group on Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  11. 11. Research Group on Hospital Management and Health Policies, University of the Coast, Barranquilla, Colombia
  12. 12. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  13. 13. Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  14. 14. School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  15. 15. School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  16. 16. School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Dofo, Ethiopia
  17. 17. Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  18. 18. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
  19. 19. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  20. 20. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  21. 21. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  22. 22. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  23. 23. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica, Mozambique
  24. 24. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  25. 25. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
  26. 26. Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  27. 27. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  28. 28. Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  29. 29. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
  30. 30. College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  31. 31. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  32. 32. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  33. 33. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  34. 34. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  35. 35. Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
  36. 36. School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  37. 37. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  38. 38. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  39. 39. West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States
  40. 40. Department of Health Policy, Management, and Leadership, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States
  41. 41. Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
  43. 43. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
  44. 44. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  45. 45. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
  46. 46. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  47. 47. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  48. 48. Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  49. 49. Midwifery Program, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
  50. 50. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan
  51. 51. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  52. 52. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  53. 53. Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  54. 54. Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  55. 55. Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  56. 56. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
  57. 57. Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  58. 58. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  59. 59. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  60. 60. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  61. 61. Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
  62. 62. Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  63. 63. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  64. 64. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  65. 65. Center for Midwifery, Child, and Family Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  66. 66. School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  67. 67. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  68. 68. Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
  69. 69. Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  70. 70. Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation, Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  71. 71. Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  72. 72. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
  73. 73. Department of Pharmacy, Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science, Tigray, Ethiopia
  74. 74. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  75. 75. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  76. 76. Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  77. 77. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  78. 78. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  79. 79. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
  80. 80. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  81. 81. Department of Public Health Science, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  82. 82. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  83. 83. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  84. 84. Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  85. 85. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  86. 86. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  87. 87. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  88. 88. Population Health Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  89. 89. Rede de Quimica e Tecnologia/Laboratorio Asociado Do Quimica Verde, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
  90. 90. Cartagena University, Cartagena, Colombia
  91. 91. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  92. 92. Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  93. 93. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  94. 94. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  95. 95. Department of Economics, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
  96. 96. Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  97. 97. Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
  98. 98. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  99. 99. Department of Pediatrics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  100. 100. Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
  101. 101. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  102. 102. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  103. 103. Child and Youth Mental Health, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  104. 104. Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  105. 105. Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  106. 106. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  107. 107. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
  108. 108. Syrian Expatriate Medical Association, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  109. 109. Institute for Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  110. 110. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warszawa, Poland
  111. 111. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  112. 112. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  113. 113. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  114. 114. Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  115. 115. Independent Consultant, Staufenberg, Germany
  116. 116. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  117. 117. Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
  118. 118. Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  119. 119. Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
  120. 120. College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
  121. 121. School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo
  122. 122. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
  123. 123. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States

Source: JAMA Pediatrics Published:2019


Abstract

Importance: Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. Objective: To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants: This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. Exposures: Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Results: Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle-SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. Conclusions and Relevance: Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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