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3D Printing of Alginate/Chitosan-Based Scaffold Empowered by Tyrosol-Loaded Niosome for Wound Healing Applications: In Vitro and in Vivo Performances Publisher Pubmed



Beram FM1 ; Ali SN2 ; Mesbahian G3 ; Pashizeh F4 ; Keshvadi M5 ; Mashayekhi F6 ; Khodadadi B7 ; Bashiri Z8 ; Moeinzadeh A9 ; Rezaei N10 ; Namazifard S11 ; Hosseinkhannazer N10 ; Tavakkoli Yaraki M12
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
  2. 2. Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, 3419759811, Iran
  3. 3. School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, 8916188635, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416634793, Iran
  6. 6. Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, 14535, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, 1993891176, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14535, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14535, Iran
  10. 10. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 West First Street, Arlington, 76019, TX, United States
  12. 12. School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, NSW, Australia

Source: ACS Applied Bio Materials Published:2024


Abstract

This study introduces a tyrosol-loaded niosome integrated into a chitosan-alginate scaffold (Nio-Tyro@CS-AL), employing advanced electrospinning and 3D printing techniques for wound healing applications. The niosomes, measuring 185.40 ± 6.40 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.168 ± 0.012, encapsulated tyrosol with an efficiency of 77.54 ± 1.25%. The scaffold’s microsized porous structure (600-900 μm) enhances water absorption, promoting cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Mechanical property assessments revealed the scaffold’s enhanced resilience, with niosomes increasing the compressive strength, modulus, and strain to failure, indicative of its suitability for wound healing. Controlled tyrosol release was demonstrated in vitro, essential for therapeutic efficacy. The scaffold exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with substantial biofilm inhibition and downregulation of bacterial genes (ndvb and icab). A wound healing assay highlighted a notable increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression and the wound closure area (69.35 ± 2.21%) in HFF cells treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL. In vivo studies in mice confirmed the scaffold’s biocompatibility, showing no significant inflammatory response, hypertrophic scarring, or foreign body reaction. Histological evaluations revealed increased fibroblast and macrophage activity, enhanced re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis in wounds treated with Nio-Tyro@CS-AL, indicating effective tissue integration and repair. Overall, the Nio-Tyro@CS-AL scaffold presents a significant advancement in wound-healing materials, combining antibacterial properties with enhanced tissue regeneration, and holds promising potential for clinical applications in wound management. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
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