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Global Estimates on the Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Diabetic Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis From 2000 to 2020 Publisher Pubmed



Curran K55, 189 ; Peto T55, 189 ; Jonas JB1, 58, 59 ; Friedman D2 ; Kim JE3 ; Leasher J4, 57 ; Tapply I5 ; Fernandes AG6, 7, 62 ; Cicinelli MV8, 9 ; Arrigo A10 ; Leveziel N11, 12 ; Resnikoff S13, 14 ; Taylor HR15 ; Sedighi T16 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Curran K55, 189
  2. Peto T55, 189
  3. Jonas JB1, 58, 59
  4. Friedman D2
  5. Kim JE3
  6. Leasher J4, 57
  7. Tapply I5
  8. Fernandes AG6, 7, 62
  9. Cicinelli MV8, 9
  10. Arrigo A10
  11. Leveziel N11, 12
  12. Resnikoff S13, 14
  13. Taylor HR15
  14. Sedighi T16
  15. Flaxman S17
  16. Bikbov MM18
  17. Braithwaite T19, 20, 93, 94
  18. Bron A21
  19. Cheng CY22, 23
  20. Del Monte MA24, 25
  21. Ehrlich JR26, 27
  22. Furtado JM28, 116
  23. Gazzard G29
  24. Hartnett ME31
  25. Kahloun R32
  26. Kempen JH33, 34, 35, 36
  27. Khairallah M37
  28. Khanna RC38, 39, 40, 41
  29. Lansingh VC42, 43, 44
  30. Naidoo KS40, 45
  31. Nangia V46
  32. Nowak M47
  33. Pesudovs K48
  34. Ramulu P50
  35. Topouzis F51, 179
  36. Tsilimbaris M52
  37. Wang YX53
  38. Wang N54
  39. Bourne RRA16, 56
  40. Friedman DS60
  41. Kim JE3
  42. Ahinkorah BO63
  43. Ahmadieh H64, 65
  44. Ahmed A66, 67
  45. Alfaar AS68, 69
  46. Almidani L70, 71
  47. Amu H72
  48. Androudi S73
  49. Arabloo J74
  50. Aravkin AY75, 76, 77
  51. Asemu MT78
  52. Azzam AY79, 80
  53. Baghcheghi N81
  54. Bailey F82
  55. Baran MF83
  56. Bardhan M84
  57. Barnighausen TW85, 86
  58. Barrow A87, 88
  59. Bhardwaj P90, 91
  60. Bikbov M92
  61. Briant PS76
  62. Burkart K76, 77
  63. Camera LA96, 97
  64. Coberly K76
  65. Dadras O98, 99
  66. Dai X76, 77
  67. Dehghan A100
  68. Demessa BH101
  69. Diress M102
  70. Do TC103
  71. Do THP104
  72. Dokova KG105
  73. Duncan BB106
  74. Ekholuenetale M107, 108
  75. Elhadi M109
  76. Emamian MH110
  77. Emamverdi M111
  78. Farrokhpour H112, 113
  79. Fatehizadeh A114
  80. Desideri LF115
  81. Gebrehiwot M117
  82. Ghassemi F118
  83. Gudeta MD119
  84. Gupta S120
  85. Gupta VB121
  86. Gupta VK122
  87. Hammond BR123
  88. Harorani M124
  89. Hasani H125
  90. Heidari G126
  91. Hosseinzadeh M127, 128
  92. Huang JJ129
  93. Islam SMS130, 131
  94. Javadi N132, 133
  95. Jimenezcorona A134, 135
  96. Jokar M136, 137
  97. Joshua CE138
  98. Kadashetti V139
  99. Kandel H140, 141
  100. Kasraei H142, 143
  101. Kaur RJ144
  102. Khanal S145
  103. Khorrami Z146
  104. Koohestani HR147
  105. Krishan K148
  106. Lim SS76, 77
  107. El Razek MMA149
  108. Mansouri V151
  109. Maugeri A152
  110. Mestrovic T76, 153
  111. Misganaw A77, 154
  112. Mokdad AH76, 77
  113. Momenimoghaddam H155
  114. Momtazmanesh S112, 158
  115. Murray CJL76, 77
  116. Negash H159
  117. Osuagwu UL160, 161
  118. Pardhan S16
  119. Patel J162, 163
  120. Pawar S164
  121. Petcu IR165
  122. Pham HT166
  123. Pourazizi M167
  124. Qattea I168
  125. Rahman M169
  126. Saeed U170, 171
  127. Sahebkar A172, 173
  128. Salehi MA174
  129. Shayan M175, 176
  130. Shittu A177
  131. Steinmetz JD76
  132. Tan Y178
  133. Tsatsakis A180
  134. Umair M181, 182
  135. Vos T76, 77
  136. Xiao H183, 184
  137. You Y140, 185
  138. Zastrozhin MS186, 187
  139. Zhang ZJ188
  140. Zheng P76, 77
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  2. 2. Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  3. 3. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
  4. 4. Nova Southeastern University College for Optometry, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  5. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Federal University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo/SP, Brazil
  7. 7. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  8. 8. School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
  9. 9. Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
  10. 10. Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
  11. 11. University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
  12. 12. CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
  13. 13. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  14. 14. School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  15. 15. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
  16. 16. Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  17. 17. Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  18. 18. Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russian Federation
  19. 19. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  20. 20. The Medical Eye Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  21. 21. University Hospital, Dijon, France
  22. 22. National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  23. 23. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
  24. 24. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  25. 25. Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  26. 26. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  27. 27. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  28. 28. Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  29. 29. Institute of Ophthalmology UCL & amp
  30. 30. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
  31. 31. Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  32. 32. Associated Ophthalmologists of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
  33. 33. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  34. 34. Eye Unit, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  35. 35. Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  36. 36. Sight for Souls, Bellevue, WA, United States
  37. 37. Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
  38. 38. Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
  39. 39. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
  40. 40. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  41. 41. University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
  42. 42. HelpMeSee, Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
  43. 43. University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
  44. 44. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
  45. 45. African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Durban, South Africa
  46. 46. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  47. 47. Institute of Optics and Optometry, University of Social Science, 121 Gdanska str., Lodz, 90-519, Poland
  48. 48. Medicine & amp
  49. 49. Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  50. 50. John Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
  51. 51. 1st Department of Ophthamology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ahepa Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
  52. 52. University of Crete Medical School, Giofirakia, Greece
  53. 53. Beijing Institute of Ophthamology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthamology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
  54. 54. Beijing Institute of Ophthamology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  55. 55. Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
  56. 56. Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  57. 57. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
  58. 58. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  59. 59. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  60. 60. Mass Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  61. 61. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
  62. 62. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  63. 63. School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  64. 64. Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  65. 65. Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  66. 66. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
  67. 67. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  68. 68. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
  69. 69. Department of Ophthalmology, Charite Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  70. 70. Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  71. 71. Doheny Image Reading and Research Lab (DIRRL) - Doheny Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  72. 72. Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  73. 73. Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
  74. 74. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  75. 75. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  76. 76. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  77. 77. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  78. 78. Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  79. 79. Department of Neurovascular Research, Nested Knowledge, Inc., Saint Paul, MN, United States
  80. 80. Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
  81. 81. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  82. 82. Big Data Institute - GRAM Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  83. 83. Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
  84. 84. Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States
  85. 85. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  86. 86. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  87. 87. Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
  88. 88. Department of Public & amp
  89. 89. Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Brikama, Gambia
  90. 90. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  91. 91. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  92. 92. Epidemiology Department, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russian Federation
  93. 93. Ophthalmology Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  94. 94. International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & amp
  95. 95. Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  96. 96. Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  97. 97. Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  98. 98. Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
  99. 99. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  100. 100. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  101. 101. USAID-JSI, Jimma University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  102. 102. Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  103. 103. Department of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  104. 104. Department of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Viet Nam
  105. 105. Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, Varna, Bulgaria
  106. 106. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  107. 107. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  108. 108. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  109. 109. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  110. 110. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  111. 111. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  112. 112. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  113. 113. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  114. 114. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  115. 115. University Eye Clinic, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  116. 116. Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  117. 117. Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  118. 118. Ophthalmology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  119. 119. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  120. 120. Toxicology Department, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India
  121. 121. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  122. 122. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  123. 123. Brain and Behavioral Sciences Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
  124. 124. Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  125. 125. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  126. 126. Independent Consultant, Santa Clara, CA, United States
  127. 127. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  128. 128. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  129. 129. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  130. 130. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  131. 131. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  132. 132. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  133. 133. Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  134. 134. Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Institute of Ophthalmology Foundation Conde de Valencia, Mexico City, Mexico
  135. 135. Directorate General of Epidemiology, Mexico City, Mexico
  136. 136. Zoonoses Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
  137. 137. Department of Clinical Sciences, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  138. 138. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  139. 139. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India
  140. 140. Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  141. 141. Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  142. 142. Eye Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  143. 143. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  144. 144. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  145. 145. Research Department, Better Vision Foundation Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  146. 146. Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  147. 147. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  148. 148. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  149. 149. Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health & amp
  150. 150. Population, Aswan, Egypt
  151. 151. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  152. 152. Department GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  153. 153. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  154. 154. National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  155. 155. Optometry & amp
  156. 156. Vision Sciences, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  157. 157. Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  158. 158. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  159. 159. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  160. 160. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  161. 161. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
  162. 162. Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  163. 163. School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  164. 164. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  165. 165. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  166. 166. Medical School, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  167. 167. Ophthalmology department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  168. 168. Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  169. 169. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  170. 170. Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  171. 171. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan
  172. 172. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  173. 173. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  174. 174. Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  175. 175. Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
  176. 176. Ophthalmic Research Center (ORC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  177. 177. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
  178. 178. Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan university, Guangzhou, China
  179. 179. 1st Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  180. 180. Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
  181. 181. Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  182. 182. Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  183. 183. School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
  184. 184. Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
  185. 185. Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  186. 186. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  187. 187. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  188. 188. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  189. 189. Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom

Source: Eye (Basingstoke) Published:2024


Abstract

Objectives: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by diabetic retinopathy and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods: Data from population-based studies on eye diseases between 1980 to 2018 were compiled. Meta-regression models were performed to estimate the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) and moderate or severe vision impairment (MSVI; <6/18 to ≥3/60) attributed to DR. The estimates, with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs], were stratified by age, sex, year, and region. Results: In 2020, 1.07 million (95% UI: 0.76, 1.51) people were blind due to DR, with nearly 3.28 million (95% UI: 2.41, 4.34) experiencing MSVI. The GBD super-regions with the highest percentage of all DR-related blindness and MSVI were Latin America and the Caribbean (6.95% [95% UI: 5.08, 9.51]) and North Africa and the Middle East (2.12% [95% UI: 1.55, 2.79]), respectively. Between 2000 and 2020, changes in DR-related blindness and MSVI were greater among females than males, predominantly in the super-regions of South Asia (blindness) and Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania (MSVI). Conclusions: Given the rapid global rise in diabetes and increased life expectancy, DR is anticipated to persist as a significant public health challenge. The findings emphasise the need for gender-specific interventions and region-specific DR healthcare policies to mitigate disparities and prevent avoidable blindness. This study contributes to the expanding body of literature on the burden of DR, highlighting the need for increased global attention and investment in this research area. © The Author(s) 2024.
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