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Recent Advances in Passive Immunotherapies for Covid-19: The Evidence-Based Approaches and Clinical Trials Publisher Pubmed



Farhangnia P1, 2, 3 ; Dehrouyeh S1, 3 ; Safdarian AR2, 3, 4 ; Farahani SV3, 5 ; Gorgani M1, 3 ; Rezaei N2, 6, 7 ; Akbarpour M3, 8 ; Delbandi AA1, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Chicago, United States
  4. 4. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility (ACTF), Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, United States
  9. 9. Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2022


Abstract

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this emerging disease. Global efforts resulted in developing multiple platforms of COVID-19 vaccines, but their efficacy in humans should be wholly investigated in the long-term clinical and epidemiological follow-ups. Despite the international efforts, COVID-19 vaccination accompanies challenges, including financial and political obstacles, serious adverse effects (AEs), the impossibility of using vaccines in certain groups of people in the community, and viral evasion due to emerging novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 in many countries. For these reasons, passive immunotherapy has been considered a complementary remedy and a promising way to manage COVID-19. These approaches are based on reduced inflammation due to inhibiting cytokine storm phenomena, immunomodulation, preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), viral neutralization, and decreased viral load. This article highlights passive immunotherapy and immunomodulation approaches in managing and treating COVID-19 patients and discusses relevant clinical trials (CTs). © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
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