Advances in Immunotherapy for Covid-19: A Comprehensive Review Publisher Pubmed



Masoomikarimi M¹ ; Garmabi B^{2, 5} ; Alizadeh J³ ; Kazemi E⁴ ; Azari Jafari A⁴ ; Mirmoeeni S⁴ ; Dargahi M⁵ ; Taheri N⁵ ; Jafari R⁵ Show Affiliations
Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2021

Abstract

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-COV-2 which has now become a huge pandemic worldwide. The immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 has been established that increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and reduction of the CD4+ and the CD8+ T lymphocyte populations, are the most reported immunological findings in these patients. High levels of other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-2 and IL-8 with an increased number of neutrophils and eosinophils may induce immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19. There is growing evidence to obtain a deeper understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 which will lay the foundation for the development of new potential therapies. However, specific and non-specific immunotherapies such as convalescent plasma (CP) are widely performed to treat patients with severe COVID-19, there is no definitive evidence to suggest the effectiveness of these treatments. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the current and most recent studies to identify the new immunotherapeutics for COVID-19 disease. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.