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Sars-Cov-2: From the Pathogenesis to Potential Anti-Viral Treatments Publisher Pubmed



Zarandi PK1, 2 ; Zinatizadeh MR1, 2 ; Zinatizadeh M3 ; Yousefi MH4, 5 ; Rezaei N6, 7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy Published:2021


Abstract

Introduction: The world is witnessing the spread of one of the members of Coronaviruses (CoVs) family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the 21st century. Considering the short time spent after its prevalence, limited information is known about the effect of the virus mechanism on different organs of the body; meanwhile the lack of specific treatment and vaccine for this virus has exposed millions of people to a big challenge. Areas covered: The review article aims to describe the general and particular characteristics of CoVs, their classification, genome structure, host cell infection, cytokine storm, anti-viral treatments, and inhibition of COVID-19-related ER-mitochondrial stress. In addition, it refers to drugs such as Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, darunavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, which have undergone clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This analysis was derived from an extensive scientific literature search including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar performed. Expert opinion: The effectiveness rate and complications of these drugs can reveal new insights into the potential therapeutic goals for the disease. Moreover, lifestyle change can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2021
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