Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Sars-Cov-2: From the Pathogenesis to Potential Anti-Viral Treatments Publisher Pubmed



Zarandi PK1, 2 ; Zinatizadeh MR1, 2 ; Zinatizadeh M3 ; Yousefi MH4, 5 ; Rezaei N6, 7, 8
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy Published:2021


Abstract

Introduction: The world is witnessing the spread of one of the members of Coronaviruses (CoVs) family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the 21st century. Considering the short time spent after its prevalence, limited information is known about the effect of the virus mechanism on different organs of the body; meanwhile the lack of specific treatment and vaccine for this virus has exposed millions of people to a big challenge. Areas covered: The review article aims to describe the general and particular characteristics of CoVs, their classification, genome structure, host cell infection, cytokine storm, anti-viral treatments, and inhibition of COVID-19-related ER-mitochondrial stress. In addition, it refers to drugs such as Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, darunavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, which have undergone clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This analysis was derived from an extensive scientific literature search including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar performed. Expert opinion: The effectiveness rate and complications of these drugs can reveal new insights into the potential therapeutic goals for the disease. Moreover, lifestyle change can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2021
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Covid-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (2021)
2. Pharmacological Treatments of Covid-19, Pharmacological Reports (2020)
3. Sars-Cov-2: Current Trends in Emerging Variants, Pathogenesis, Immune Responses, Potential Therapeutic, and Vaccine Development Strategies, International Immunopharmacology (2021)
4. Immunopathological Similarities Between Covid-19 and Influenza: Investigating the Consequences of Co-Infection, Microbial Pathogenesis (2021)
5. A Review on Currently Available Potential Therapeutic Options for Covid-19, International Journal of General Medicine (2020)
6. Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Update on Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment, MedComm (2022)
7. Sars-Cov-2: A Comprehensive Review From Pathogenicity of the Virus to Clinical Consequences, Journal of Medical Virology (2020)
8. The Immune System As a Target for Therapy of Sars-Cov-2: A Systematic Review of the Current Immunotherapies for Covid-19, Life Sciences (2020)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Nima Rezaei (83)
Hossein Khalili (9)
Other Related Docs
9. Covid-19: Transmission, Prevention, and Potential Therapeutic Opportunities, Clinica Chimica Acta (2020)
10. Existing Antiviral Options Against Sars-Cov-2 Replication in Covid-19 Patients, Future Microbiology (2020)
11. Introduction on Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic: The Global Challenge, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2021)
12. Precision Medicine in Infectious Disease, Precision Medicine in Clinical Practice (2022)
13. Computational Drug Discovery and Repurposing for the Treatment of Covid-19: A Systematic Review, Bioorganic Chemistry (2021)
14. State-Of-The-Art of Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapeutics Against Sars-Cov-2, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces (2021)
15. The Situation of Small Molecules Targeting Key Proteins in Combatting Sars-Cov-2: Synthesis, Metabolic Pathway, Mechanism of Action, and Potential Therapeutic Applications, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry (2022)
16. Current Treatments and Therapeutic Options for Covid-19 Patients: A Systematic Review, Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets (2022)
17. Covid-19 Infection and Stroke Risk, Reviews in the Neurosciences (2021)
18. Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Treatment of Covid-19, Journal of Molecular Medicine (2020)
19. Classification of the Present Pharmaceutical Agents Based on the Possible Effective Mechanism on the Covid-19 Infection, DARU# Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2020)
20. Prevention of Covid-19: Preventive Strategies for General Population, Healthcare Setting, and Various Professions, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (2021)
21. Anosmia: A Missing Link in the Neuroimmunology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19), Reviews in the Neurosciences (2020)
22. Health Care Policies and Covid-19 Prevalence: Is There Any Association?, International Journal of Health Services (2022)
23. Host Factors: Implications in Immunopathogenesis of Covid-19, Pathology Research and Practice (2021)
24. The Role of Autophagy in Controlling Sars-Cov-2 Infection: An Overview on Virophagy-Mediated Molecular Drug Targets, Cell Biology International (2021)
25. Can Anti-Parasitic Drugs Help Control Covid-19?, Future Virology (2022)
26. Covid-19 and Multiorgan Failure: A Narrative Review on Potential Mechanisms, Journal of Molecular Histology (2020)
27. Dysregulation of the Immune Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019, Cell Biology International (2021)
28. Recent Findings on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19); Immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics, International Immunopharmacology (2020)
29. Variants in Ace2; Potential Influences on Virus Infection and Covid-19 Severity, Infection# Genetics and Evolution (2021)
30. Computed Tomography Scan in Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Polish Journal of Radiology (2022)
31. A Review on the Mechanisms Involved in the Immunopathogenesis of Sars-Cov-2, Journal of Military Medicine (2020)
32. Covid-19 Infection and Liver Injury: Clinical Features, Biomarkers, Potential Mechanisms, Treatment, and Management Challenges, World Journal of Clinical Cases (2021)
33. Cytokine Release Syndrome: Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines As a Solution for Reducing Covid-19 Mortality, European Cytokine Network (2020)
34. A Review of Covid-19: The Main Ways of Transmission and Some Prevention Solutions, Clinical Symptoms, More Vulnerable Human Groups, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques (2020)
35. An Overview on the Treatments and Prevention Against Covid-19, Virology Journal (2023)
36. Liver Function Tests Profile in Covid‑19 Patients at the Admission Time: A Systematic Review of Literature and Conducted Researches, Advanced Biomedical Research (2020)
37. Altered Immunoemotional Regulatory System in Covid-19: From the Origins to Opportunities, Journal of Neuroimmunology (2021)
38. Ten Challenging Questions About Sars-Cov-2 and Covid-19, Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine (2020)
39. The Possible Role of Novel Coronavirus 2019 Proteins in the Development of Drugs and Vaccines, Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports (2020)
40. The Immune System and Covid-19: Friend or Foe?, Life Sciences (2020)
41. Interferon Therapy in Patients With Sars, Mers, and Covid-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies, European Journal of Pharmacology (2021)
42. A Systematic Review of Pregnant Women With Covid-19 and Their Neonates, Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2021)
43. Cardiovascular Diseases Burden in Covid-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, American Journal of Emergency Medicine (2021)
44. Human Coronaviruses Sars-Cov, Mers-Cov, and Sars-Cov-2 in Children, Journal of Pediatric Nursing (2021)
45. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Covid-19: Current Status and Mechanism of Action, Life Sciences (2020)
46. Comparison of Immune Response Between Sars, Mers, and Covid-19 Infection, Perspective on Vaccine Design and Development, BioMed Research International (2021)
47. Immunotherapy for Sars-Cov-2: Potential Opportunities, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy (2020)
48. Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Covid-19 Pandemic: A Predisposing or Protective Factor?, American Journal of the Medical Sciences (2020)
49. An Overview on Tumor Treating Fields (Ttfields) Technology As a New Potential Subsidiary Biophysical Treatment for Covid-19, Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2022)
50. Diabetes As One of the Long-Term Covid-19 Complications: From the Potential Reason of More Diabetic Patients’ Susceptibility to Covid-19 to the Possible Caution of Future Global Diabetes Tsunami, Inflammopharmacology (2023)