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The Role of Cxc Chemokines and Receptors in Breast Cancer Publisher Pubmed



Masrour M1, 2 ; Moeinafshar A1 ; Poopak A1 ; Razi S3, 4 ; Rezaei N4, 5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific and Education Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

Source: Clinical and Experimental Medicine Published:2025


Abstract

CXC chemokines are a class of cytokines possessing chemotactic properties. Studies indicate that CXC chemokines exhibit dysregulation in miscellaneous cancer categories and are significantly associated with the advancement of tumors. Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed and fatal cancer among the female population. Breast cancer pathogenesis and progression involve various mechanisms, including invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Chemokines and their receptors are involved in all of these processes. The CXC chemokine receptors (CXCRs) and their related ligands have attracted considerable attention due to their multifaceted functions in facilitating and controlling tumor proliferation. CXCRs are expressed by both cancer cells and immune cells, and they play a crucial role in regulating the tumor microenvironment and the immune response. This review aims to assess the potential of CXCRs and CXC chemokines as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for personalized therapy. Additionally, it provides an overview of the current understanding of the expression, function, and prognostic relevance of CXCRs in breast cancer. Furthermore, the challenges and potential prospects pertaining to CXCR investigation in breast cancer are deliberated. © The Author(s) 2025.
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