Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Global Prevalence, Treatment, and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2016: A Modelling Study Publisher Pubmed



Razavishearer D1 ; Gamkrelidze I1 ; Nguyen MH2 ; Chen DS3, 4 ; Van Damme P5 ; Abbas Z6 ; Abdulla M7 ; Abou Rached A8 ; Adda D9, 10 ; Aho I13 ; Akarca U15 ; Al Ali FH11 ; Lawati FAL16 ; Naamani KAL17 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Razavishearer D1
  2. Gamkrelidze I1
  3. Nguyen MH2
  4. Chen DS3, 4
  5. Van Damme P5
  6. Abbas Z6
  7. Abdulla M7
  8. Abou Rached A8
  9. Adda D9, 10
  10. Aho I13
  11. Akarca U15
  12. Al Ali FH11
  13. Lawati FAL16
  14. Naamani KAL17
  15. Alashgar HI18
  16. Alavian SM19, 20
  17. Alawadhi S21
  18. Albillos A22, 23
  19. Albusafi SA24
  20. Aleman S26, 27
  21. Alfaleh FZ28
  22. Aljumah AA29
  23. Anand AC30
  24. Anh NT31
  25. Arends JE33
  26. Arkkila P14
  27. Athanasakis K34
  28. Bane A35, 36
  29. Benari Z37
  30. Berg T38
  31. Bizri AR39
  32. Blach S1
  33. Brandao Mello CE41
  34. Brandon SM1
  35. Bright B42
  36. Bruggmann P43
  37. Brunetto M44
  38. Buti M45
  39. Chan HLY46, 47
  40. Chaudhry A49
  41. Chien RN50
  42. Choi MS51
  43. Christensen PB52
  44. Chuang WL53
  45. Chulanov V54, 55
  46. Clausen MR56
  47. Colombo M61
  48. Cornberg M62, 63
  49. Cowie B64
  50. Craxi A65, 66
  51. Croes EA67
  52. Cuellar DA68
  53. Cunningham C70
  54. Desalegn H71
  55. Drazilova S72
  56. Duberg AS73
  57. Egeonu SS74
  58. Elsayed MH75
  59. Estes C1
  60. Falconer K25
  61. Ferraz MLG76
  62. Ferreira PR77
  63. Flisiak R78
  64. Frankova S79
  65. Gaeta GB82
  66. Garciasamaniego J83
  67. Genov J84
  68. Gerstoft J60
  69. Goldis A85
  70. Gountas I86
  71. Gray R87
  72. Guimaraes Pessoa M88
  73. Hajarizadeh B87
  74. Hatzakis A89, 90
  75. Hezode C91
  76. Himatt SM92
  77. Hoepelman A32
  78. Hrstic I93
  79. Hui YTT94
  80. Husa P95
  81. Jahis R96
  82. Janjua NZ97, 98
  83. Jarcuka P81
  84. Jaroszewicz J101
  85. Kaymakoglu S102
  86. Kershenobich D103
  87. Kondili LA104
  88. Konysbekova A105, 106
  89. Krajden M97, 99
  90. Kristian P80
  91. Laleman W107
  92. Lao WCC108
  93. Layden J109
  94. Lazarus JV57, 110
  95. Lee MH111
  96. Liakina V112
  97. Lim YSS113
  98. Loo CKK12
  99. Lukic B115
  100. Malekzadeh R116
  101. Malu AO117
  102. Mamatkulov A118
  103. Manns M62, 119
  104. Marinho RT120
  105. Maticic M121
  106. Mauss S122
  107. Memon MS123
  108. Mendes Correa MC88
  109. Mendezsanchez N124
  110. Merat S116
  111. Metwally AM125
  112. Mohamed R126
  113. Mokhbat JE127
  114. Moreno C128
  115. Mossong J129
  116. Mourad FH40
  117. Mullhaupt B130
  118. Murphy K1
  119. Musabaev E118
  120. Nawaz A131
  121. Nde HM1
  122. Negro F132
  123. Nersesov A133
  124. Nguyen VTT134
  125. Njouom R135
  126. Ntagirabiri R136
  127. Nurmatov Z137
  128. Obekpa S117, 138
  129. Ocama P12
  130. Oguche S139
  131. Omede O140
  132. Omuemu C141
  133. Oparesem O142
  134. Opio CK114
  135. Ormeci N143
  136. Papatheodoridis G144
  137. Pasini K1
  138. Pimenov N54
  139. Poustchi H116
  140. Quang TD146
  141. Qureshi H147
  142. Ramji A100
  143. Razavishearer K1
  144. Redae B36, 71
  145. Reesink HW148
  146. Rios CY69
  147. Rjaskova G80
  148. Robbins S1
  149. Roberts LR149
  150. Roberts SK150, 151
  151. Ryder SD153
  152. Safadi R154
  153. Salupere R155
  154. Sanai FM28, 156
  155. Sanchezavila JF157
  156. Saraswat V158
  157. Sarrazin C160, 161
  158. Schmelzer JD1
  159. Schreter I80
  160. Scott J162
  161. Seguindevaux C163
  162. Shah SR164
  163. Sharara AI40
  164. Sharma M165
  165. Shiha GE166
  166. Shin T167
  167. Sievert W151, 152
  168. Sperl J79
  169. Starkel P168
  170. Stedman C169
  171. Sypsa V145
  172. Tacke F170
  173. Tan SS171
  174. Tanaka J172
  175. Tomasiewicz K173
  176. Urbanek P174
  177. Van Der Meer AJ175
  178. Van Vlierberghe H176
  179. Vella S104
  180. Vince A177
  181. Waheed Y178
  182. Waked I179
  183. Walsh N180
  184. Weis N58, 59
  185. Wong VW46, 48
  186. Woodring J162
  187. Yaghi C181
  188. Yang HI182
  189. Yang CL183
  190. Yesmembetov K184
  191. Yosry A185
  192. Yuen MF186
  193. Yusuf MAM187
  194. Zeuzem S159
  195. Razavi H1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. CDA Foundation, Lafayette, CO, United States
  2. 2. Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  3. 3. Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  4. 4. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
  5. 5. Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
  6. 6. Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
  7. 7. Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
  8. 8. National Hepatitis Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  9. 9. Civil Society Network on Hepatitis, Abuja, Nigeria
  10. 10. Chagro-Care Trust, Jalingo, Nigeria
  11. 11. Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait
  12. 12. Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  13. 13. Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  14. 14. Department of Gastroenterology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  15. 15. Gastroenterology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
  16. 16. Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
  17. 17. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
  18. 18. Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  19. 19. Baqiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  20. 20. Middle East Liver Diseases Centre, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates
  22. 22. University of Alcala, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
  23. 23. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
  24. 24. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
  25. 25. Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  26. 26. Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  27. 27. Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  28. 28. Liver Disease Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  29. 29. King Abdulaziz Medical City and King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  30. 30. HCV Task Force, Indian National Association for the Study of Liver, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India
  31. 31. University of Syndey, Syndey, Australia
  32. 32. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ultrecht, Netherlands
  33. 33. University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Ultrecht, Netherlands
  34. 34. Department of Health Economics, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
  35. 35. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  36. 36. Ethiopian Gastroenterological Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  37. 37. Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
  38. 38. University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
  39. 39. Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  40. 40. Division of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  41. 41. Department of Gastroenterology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  42. 42. LiveWell Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  43. 43. Arud Centres for Addiction Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
  44. 44. Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  45. 45. Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
  46. 46. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  47. 47. Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  48. 48. State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  49. 49. Gujranwala Liver Foundation, Siddiq Sadiq Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan
  50. 50. Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
  51. 51. Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  52. 52. Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
  53. 53. Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  54. 54. Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  55. 55. I M Sechenov First State Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  56. 56. Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  57. 57. Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  58. 58. Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  59. 59. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  60. 60. Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  61. 61. Clinical and Research Center Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
  62. 62. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
  63. 63. German Liver Foundation, Hannover, Germany
  64. 64. WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  65. 65. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  66. 66. Gastroenterologia & Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico, Palermo, Italy
  67. 67. Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
  68. 68. Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
  69. 69. Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Bogota, Colombia
  70. 70. Te Pumanawa Hauora, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
  71. 71. Gastroenterology Unit, St Paul’s Hospital Millenium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  72. 72. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Poprad, Slovakia
  73. 73. Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
  74. 74. Federal Medical Centre, Jalingo, Nigeria
  75. 75. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  76. 76. Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  77. 77. Division of Infectious Disease, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  78. 78. Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
  79. 79. Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
  80. 80. Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
  81. 81. First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
  82. 82. Infectious Diseases, Universita della Campania, Naples, Italy
  83. 83. Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERehd, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
  84. 84. University Hospital Queen Joanna, Sofia, Bulgaria
  85. 85. Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine Victor Babes, Timisoara, Romania
  86. 86. Center for Disease Analysis, Louisville, CO, United States
  87. 87. Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  88. 88. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  89. 89. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
  90. 90. Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Athens, Greece
  91. 91. Service d’ Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
  92. 92. Ministry of Public Health Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  93. 93. General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
  94. 94. Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  95. 95. Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
  96. 96. Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
  97. 97. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  98. 98. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  99. 99. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  100. 100. Department of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  101. 101. Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  102. 102. Gastroenterology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
  103. 103. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Tlalpan, Mexico
  104. 104. Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
  105. 105. Republican Diagnostic Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
  106. 106. University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
  107. 107. University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  108. 108. Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  109. 109. Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
  110. 110. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  111. 111. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
  112. 112. Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  113. 113. Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  114. 114. Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  115. 115. Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Split University Hospital and Split University Medical School, Split, Croatia
  116. 116. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  117. 117. Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
  118. 118. Research Institute of Virology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
  119. 119. German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
  120. 120. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  121. 121. Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  122. 122. Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Dusseldorf, Germany
  123. 123. Asian Institute of Medical Science, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
  124. 124. Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
  125. 125. Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
  126. 126. University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  127. 127. Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Clinical Microbiology, Lebanese American University Medical Center—Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
  128. 128. CUB Hopital, Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
  129. 129. Laboratoire National de Sante, Dudelange, Luxembourg
  130. 130. Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  131. 131. Department of Gastroenterology, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Shadman, Lahore, Pakistan
  132. 132. Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
  133. 133. National Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  134. 134. WHO, Vietnam Country Office, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  135. 135. Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
  136. 136. Kamenge University Hospital, Bujumbura, Burundi
  137. 137. Department of Epidemiological Surveillance, Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  138. 138. Advocacy for the Prevention of Hepatitis in Nigeria, Jos, Nigeria
  139. 139. Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
  140. 140. Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
  141. 141. University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  142. 142. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  143. 143. Gastroenterology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
  144. 144. Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
  145. 145. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
  146. 146. Communicable Disease Control Division, General Department of Preventive Medicine, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  147. 147. Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
  148. 148. Department of Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  149. 149. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
  150. 150. The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  151. 151. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  152. 152. Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  153. 153. Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
  154. 154. Liver Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
  155. 155. University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
  156. 156. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  157. 157. Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
  158. 158. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  159. 159. Department of Medicine, JW Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
  160. 160. Viral Hepatitis and Resistance Group, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  161. 161. Medical Department II, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, St Josefs-Hospital Wiesbaden Gmbh Wirbelsaulenzentrum, Wiesbaden, Germany
  162. 162. WHO Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, Philippines
  163. 163. Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
  164. 164. Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver Diseases, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplant, Global Hospitals, Mumbai, India
  165. 165. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  166. 166. Egyptian Liver Research Institute And Hospital, Dakahliah, Egypt
  167. 167. Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
  168. 168. Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
  169. 169. Christchurch Hospital and University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
  170. 170. University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
  171. 171. Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
  172. 172. Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
  173. 173. Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  174. 174. Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Central Military Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
  175. 175. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  176. 176. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
  177. 177. Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  178. 178. Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  179. 179. National Liver Institute, Menoufiya, Egypt
  180. 180. PAHO, Washington, DC, United States
  181. 181. Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Science, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
  182. 182. Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  183. 183. Division of Health Technology Assessment, Center for Drug Evaluation, Taipei, Taiwan
  184. 184. Clinic of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Astana, Kazakhstan
  185. 185. Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  186. 186. Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
  187. 187. Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan

Source: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Published:2018


Abstract

Background: The 69th World Health Assembly approved the Global Health Sector Strategy to eliminate viral hepatitis by 2030. Although no virological cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, existing therapies to control viral replication and prophylaxis to minimise mother-to-child transmission make elimination of HBV feasible. We aimed to estimate the national, regional, and global prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and in the population aged 5 years in 2016, as well as coverage of prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: In this modelling study, we used a Delphi process that included a literature review in PubMed and Embase, followed by interviews with experts, to quantify the historical epidemiology of HBV infection. We then used a dynamic HBV transmission and progression model to estimate the country-level and regional-level prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 and the effect of prophylaxis and treatment on disease burden. Findings: We developed models for 120 countries, 78 of which were populated with data approved by experts. Using these models, we estimated that the global prevalence of HBsAg in 2016 was 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·4–4·6), corresponding to 291 992 000 (251 513 000–341 114 000) infections. Of these infections, around 29 million (10%) were diagnosed, and only 4·8 million (5%) of 94 million individuals eligible for treatment actually received antiviral therapy. Around 1·8 (1·6–2·2) million infections were in children aged 5 years, with a prevalence of 1·4% (1·2–1·6). We estimated that 87% of infants had received the three-dose HBV vaccination in the first year of life, 46% had received timely birth-dose vaccination, and 13% had received hepatitis B immunoglobulin along with the full vaccination regimen. Less than 1% of mothers with a high viral load had received antiviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission. Interpretation: Our estimate of HBV prevalence in 2016 differs from previous studies, potentially because we took into account the effect of infant prophylaxis and early childhood vaccination, as well as changing prevalence over time. Although some regions are well on their way to meeting prophylaxis and prevalence targets, all regions must substantially scale-up access to diagnosis and treatment to meet the global targets. Funding: John C Martin Foundation. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd