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Global Change in Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence and Cascade of Care Between 2015 and 2020: A Modelling Study Publisher Pubmed



Blach S1 ; Terrault NA2 ; Tacke F3 ; Gamkrelidze I1, 115 ; Craxi A4 ; Tanaka J5 ; Waked I6 ; Dore GJ8 ; Abbas Z9, 10 ; Abdallah AR7, 11 ; Abdulla M12, 13, 67 ; Aghemo A14, 15 ; Aho I16 ; Akarca US17 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Blach S1
  2. Terrault NA2
  3. Tacke F3
  4. Gamkrelidze I1, 115
  5. Craxi A4
  6. Tanaka J5
  7. Waked I6
  8. Dore GJ8
  9. Abbas Z9, 10
  10. Abdallah AR7, 11
  11. Abdulla M12, 13, 67
  12. Aghemo A14, 15
  13. Aho I16
  14. Akarca US17
  15. Alalwan AM19
  16. Blom MA20
  17. Albusafi SA21
  18. Aleman S22
  19. Alghamdi AS23
  20. Alhamoudi WK25
  21. Aljumah AA26
  22. Alnaamani K27
  23. Serkal YMA28
  24. Altraif IH19, 29
  25. Anand AC30, 31
  26. Anderson M32, 67
  27. Andersson MI33, 34
  28. Athanasakis K35
  29. Baatarkhuu O36, 37
  30. Bakieva SR38
  31. Benari Z40
  32. Bessone F41, 42
  33. Biondi MJ43
  34. Bizri ARN44
  35. Brandaomello CE45, 46
  36. Brigida K38
  37. Brown KA47
  38. Brown RS47, 48
  39. Bruggmann P49, 50, 51
  40. Brunetto MR52, 53
  41. Busschots D54, 55
  42. Buti M56, 57, 160, 181, 221
  43. Butsashvili M160, 181, 221
  44. Cabezas J58, 59
  45. Chae C60
  46. Ivanova VC61
  47. Chan HLY62, 63
  48. Cheinquer H66
  49. Cheng KJ67
  50. Cheon ME60
  51. Chien CH68, 69
  52. Chien RN69, 70
  53. Choudhuri G71, 72
  54. Christensen PB74
  55. Chuang WL75
  56. Chulanov V77, 78
  57. Cisneros LE79, 80, 81
  58. Coco B82, 152, 174
  59. Contreras FA83, 84
  60. Cornberg M85, 86, 272, 279
  61. Cramp ME87, 88
  62. Crespo J59, 89
  63. Cui F18, 90, 135, 166, 187
  64. Cunningham CW91
  65. Abou LD92, 93
  66. Dalgard O94, 95
  67. Dao DY96
  68. Ledinghen VD97
  69. Derbala MF99
  70. Deuba K100, 101
  71. Dhindsa K1
  72. Djauzi S102
  73. Drazilova S103
  74. Duberg AS104
  75. Elbadri M98, 250, 266
  76. Elsayed MH105
  77. Esmat G106
  78. Estes C1
  79. Ezzat S107
  80. Farkkil MA152
  81. Ferradini L108
  82. Ferraz MLG109
  83. Ferreira PRA110
  84. Kanizaj TF111
  85. Flisiak R112
  86. Frankova S113
  87. Fung J114
  88. Gamkrelidze A1, 115
  89. Gane EJ116, 118
  90. Garcia V119, 120, 121
  91. Garciasamaniego J122
  92. Gemilyan M123
  93. Genov J124
  94. Gheorghe LS125, 126
  95. Gholam PM127
  96. Gottfredsson M128, 132
  97. Gray RT8
  98. Grebely J8
  99. Gschwantler M133
  100. Hajarizadeh B8
  101. Hamid SS134
  102. Hamoudi W24, 136
  103. Hatzakis A139
  104. Hellard ME140
  105. Himatt S141
  106. Hofer H142
  107. Hrstic I143, 144, 145
  108. Hunyady B146, 147
  109. Husa P148, 149
  110. Husicselimovic A150
  111. Jafri WSM151
  112. Janicko M103
  113. Janjua NZ152
  114. Jarcuska P103
  115. Jaroszewicz J153
  116. Jerkeman A20, 154
  117. Jeruma A155, 156
  118. Jia J157
  119. Jonasson JG129, 132
  120. Kaita KDE160
  121. Kao JH161
  122. Kasymov OT163
  123. Kellyhanku A8, 164
  124. Khamis F12, 165
  125. Khamis J12, 165
  126. Khan AG166
  127. Khandu L167
  128. Khoudri I168
  129. Kielland KB169
  130. Kim DY170
  131. Kodjoh N171
  132. Kondili LA172
  133. Krajden M152, 173
  134. Krarup HB158, 159, 175
  135. Kristian P176, 177
  136. Kwon JA8
  137. Lagging M178, 179
  138. Laleman W180
  139. Lavanchy D182
  140. Lazaro P183
  141. Lazarus JV184
  142. Lee AU185, 186
  143. Lee MH185, 186
  144. Li MKK187
  145. Liakina V188, 189
  146. Lim YS190
  147. Love A130
  148. Luksic B191
  149. Machekera SM192, 193
  150. Malu AO194, 195
  151. Marinho RT196
  152. Maticic M197, 198
  153. Mekonnen HD199
  154. Mendescorrea MC200, 201
  155. Mendezsanchez N202
  156. Merat S203
  157. Meshesha BR204
  158. Midgard H205
  159. Mills M206
  160. Mohamed R207
  161. Mooneyhan E1
  162. Moreno C208, 209
  163. Muljono DH210, 211
  164. Mullhaupt B212
  165. Musabaev E38
  166. Muyldermans G213
  167. Nartey YA101
  168. Naveira MCM1
  169. Negro F214, 215
  170. Nersesov AV216
  171. Njouom R217
  172. Ntagirabiri R218, 219
  173. Nurmatov ZS220
  174. Obekpa SA221
  175. Oguche S222
  176. Olafsson S131
  177. Ong JP223
  178. Orrego M226
  179. Ovrehus AL73
  180. Pan CQ227
  181. Papatheodoridis GV138
  182. Peckradosavljevic M228, 229
  183. Pessoa MG230
  184. Phillips RO225
  185. Pimenov N76
  186. Plaseskakaranfilska D152, 231
  187. Prabdialsing NN232, 233
  188. Puri P234
  189. Rahman A235
  190. Ramji A174
  191. Razavishearer DM1
  192. Razavishearer K1
  193. Ridruejo E237
  194. Rioshincapi CY238
  195. Rizvi SMS236
  196. Robaeys GKMM239, 240
  197. Roberts LR241, 242, 243
  198. Roberts SK243
  199. Ryder SD244
  200. Sadirova S38
  201. Saeed U245, 246
  202. Safadi R247, 248
  203. Sagalova O249
  204. Said SS250, 251
  205. Salupere R252
  206. Sanai FM253
  207. Sanchezavila JF254
  208. Saraswat VA255, 256
  209. Sarrazin C257
  210. Sarybayeva G258
  211. Seguindevaux C259
  212. Sharara AI44
  213. Sheikh M235
  214. Shewaye AB260, 261
  215. Sievert W262, 263
  216. Simojoki K264
  217. Simonova MY265
  218. Sonderup MW266
  219. Spearman CW266
  220. Sperl J113
  221. Stauber RE267, 268
  222. Stedman CAM269
  223. Su TH162
  224. Suleiman A270
  225. Sypsa V137
  226. Antabak NT271
  227. Tergast TL85
  228. Thurairajah PH273
  229. Tolmane I274, 275
  230. Tomasiewicz K276
  231. Tsereteli M277
  232. Uzochukwu BSC39, 278
  233. Vijver DAMCVD279
  234. Santen DKV140, 280
  235. Vlierberghe HV281
  236. Welzen BV282
  237. Vanwolleghem T283, 284
  238. Villamil FG285, 286
  239. Vince A287
  240. Waheed Y288
  241. Weis N289, 290
  242. Wong VWS64, 65
  243. Yaghi CG291, 292
  244. Yesmembetov K293, 294
  245. Yosry A295
  246. Yuen MF296
  247. Yunihastuti E102
  248. Zeuzem S224
  249. Zuckerman E117
  250. Razavi HA1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Lafayette, CO, United States
  2. 2. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  3. 3. Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  4. 4. University of Palermo, Promise, Palermo, Italy
  5. 5. Hiroshima University, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima, Japan
  6. 6. Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, United States
  7. 7. Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Shebeen El Kom, Egypt
  8. 8. Kirby Institute, Unsw Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  9. 9. Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  10. 10. Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  11. 11. Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah, Saudi Arabia
  12. 12. Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
  13. 13. Internal Medicine, Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital, Manama, Bahrain
  14. 14. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
  15. 15. Humanitas Research Hospital Irccs, Department of Gastroenterology, Rozzano, Italy
  16. 16. Infectious Diseases and Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  17. 17. Department of Gastroenterology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
  18. 18. King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  19. 19. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  20. 20. Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Infection Medicine, Lund University, Malm, Sweden
  21. 21. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
  22. 22. Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  23. 23. Gastroenterology Unit/Medical Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  24. 24. Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  25. 25. Liver Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  26. 26. Department of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  27. 27. Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat, Oman
  28. 28. Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  29. 29. Hepatology Division, Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  30. 30. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
  31. 31. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Armed Forces Medical Services, New Delhi, India
  32. 32. Botswana-Harvard Hiv Reference Laboratory, Botswana Harvard Aids Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
  33. 33. Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  34. 34. Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
  35. 35. Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
  36. 36. Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  37. 37. Mongolian Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  38. 38. Research Institute of Virology of Ministry of Health of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent City, Uzbekistan
  39. 39. Liver Diseases Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
  40. 40. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
  41. 41. Facultad de Medicina, University of Rosario School of Medicine, Rosario, Argentina
  42. 42. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Provincial Del Centenario, Rosario, Argentina
  43. 43. Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
  44. 44. Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
  45. 45. Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Rio de Janeiro, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  46. 46. Clinica de Doencas Do Figado, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  47. 47. Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
  48. 48. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  49. 49. Arud Centre for Addiction Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
  50. 50. Swiss Hepatitis, Zurich, Switzerland
  51. 51. Institute for Primary Care, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
  52. 52. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  53. 53. Integrated Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
  54. 54. Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
  55. 55. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
  56. 56. Liver Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Vall D Hebron and Ciberehd Del Insituto Carlos Iii, Barcelona, Spain
  57. 57. Health Research Union, Tbilisi, Georgia
  58. 58. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
  59. 59. Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Idival, Santander, Spain
  60. 60. Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong, South Korea
  61. 61. University Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Faculty, Skopje, North Macedonia
  62. 62. Department of Internal Medicine, Union Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  63. 63. Faculty of Medicine, France
  64. 64. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics
  65. 65. State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  66. 66. Internal Medicine- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  67. 67. Social Science Department, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
  68. 68. Division of Hepato- Gastroenterology
  69. 69. Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
  70. 70. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
  71. 71. Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gurgaon, India
  72. 72. Department of Medicine, Vivekanand Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  73. 73. Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
  74. 74. Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
  75. 75. Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Division, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
  76. 76. National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
  77. 77. Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  78. 78. Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
  79. 79. Hepatology, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Monterrey, Mexico
  80. 80. Hepatology Research, Investigaciones M dicas Cisneros Sc, Monterrey, Mexico
  81. 81. Asociaci n Mexicana de Hepatologia, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
  82. 82. Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
  83. 83. Department of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  84. 84. Hepatology, Centro de Gastroenterologia Avanzada, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  85. 85. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
  86. 86. Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
  87. 87. South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth Nhs Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
  88. 88. Hepatology Research Group, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
  89. 89. School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
  90. 90. School of Public Health, Peking University, China
  91. 91. Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
  92. 92. Gastroenterologia, Centro Medico Docente la Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela
  93. 93. Hepatologia, Policlinica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
  94. 94. Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
  95. 95. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  96. 96. Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
  97. 97. Chu Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
  98. 98. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  99. 99. Department of Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  100. 100. National Centre for Aids and Std Control/Global Fund Programs, Strategic Information Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
  101. 101. Department of Global Public Health Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  102. 102. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
  103. 103. 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and L Pasteur University Hospital, Pj Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
  104. 104. Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, ORebro University, Sweden
  105. 105. Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  106. 106. Endemic Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
  107. 107. Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
  108. 108. FHI360 Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
  109. 109. Gastroenterology/Hepatology
  110. 110. Division of Infectious Disease, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  111. 111. Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
  112. 112. Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
  113. 113. Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
  114. 114. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  115. 115. National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
  116. 116. New Zealand Liver Transplant Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
  117. 117. Department of Medicine
  118. 118. New Zealand Clinical Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  119. 119. Universidad Autonoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  120. 120. Centro Endoscopico Digestivo Integral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  121. 121. Health Ministry in Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
  122. 122. Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario la Paz, CIBERehd, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
  123. 123. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
  124. 124. Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL, Sofia, Bulgaria
  125. 125. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  126. 126. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
  127. 127. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
  128. 128. Department of Infectious Diseases
  129. 129. Department of Pathology
  130. 130. Department of Virology
  131. 131. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
  132. 132. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
  133. 133. Department of Internal Medicine Iv, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
  134. 134. Carmel Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Unit, Technion, Haifa, Israel
  135. 135. Department of Medicine- Hepatology Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  136. 136. Royal Hospital-Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
  137. 137. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
  138. 138. Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  139. 139. Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of Aids, Sexually Transmitted and Emerging Diseases, Athens, Greece
  140. 140. Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  141. 141. Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
  142. 142. Department of Internal Medicine i, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
  143. 143. Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia
  144. 144. School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
  145. 145. University of Pula, Pula, Croatia
  146. 146. Department of Gastroenterology, Somogy Megyei Kaposi Mor Oktato Korhaz, Kaposvar, Hungary
  147. 147. First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
  148. 148. Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
  149. 149. Department of Infectious Diseases, Masaryk University Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
  150. 150. Gastroenterohepatology Department, University General Hospital Prim.dr Abdulah Naka, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  151. 151. Department of Medicine- Hepatology, South City Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
  152. 152. British Colombia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  153. 153. Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  154. 154. Department of Infectious Diseases, Skane University Hospital, Malm, Sweden
  155. 155. Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
  156. 156. Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
  157. 157. Liver Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
  158. 158. Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infection and Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
  159. 159. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
  160. 160. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hepatology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  161. 161. Hepatitis Research Center
  162. 162. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  163. 163. Sci. and Prod. Ctr. for Prev. Med. of Ministry of Health and Social Development of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  164. 164. Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
  165. 165. Infectious Diseases, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
  166. 166. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
  167. 167. National HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Control Program, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Royal Government of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
  168. 168. Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
  169. 169. Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway
  170. 170. Yonsei University College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  171. 171. Faculte des Sciences de la Sant, Universite d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
  172. 172. National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanit, Rome, Italy
  173. 173. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
  174. 174. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  175. 175. Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
  176. 176. Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Ko ice, Slovakia
  177. 177. Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, L Pasteur University Hospital, Ko ice, Slovakia
  178. 178. Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
  179. 179. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region V stra G taland, Gothenburg, Sweden
  180. 180. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  181. 181. Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, Hong Kong
  182. 182. Consultant, Ruelle des Chataigniers 1, Denges VD, Switzerland
  183. 183. Health Services Research, Madrid, Spain
  184. 184. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
  185. 185. University of Sydney, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
  186. 186. Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
  187. 187. Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Tuen Mun, China
  188. 188. Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  189. 189. Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  190. 190. Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  191. 191. Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Split, Clinical Hospital Center Split, Split, Croatia
  192. 192. World Vision International, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
  193. 193. Department of Medicine, Adoose Specialist Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
  194. 194. Department of Medicine, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
  195. 195. Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria
  196. 196. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Santa Maria, Medical School of Lisbon, National Program for Viral Hepatitis, Dire o-Geral da Sa de, Ministry of Health, Lisboa, Portugal
  197. 197. Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Febrile Illnesses, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  198. 198. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  199. 199. Internal Medicine, Minimal Invasive Surgery, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  200. 200. Department of Infectious Diseases and Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, S o Paulo, Brazil
  201. 201. Liver Research Unit, Medica sur Clinic and Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
  202. 202. Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  203. 203. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  204. 204. Health Service Quality Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  205. 205. Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  206. 206. Department of Medicine, University of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
  207. 207. Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  208. 208. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Cub H pital Erasme, Brussels, Universit Libre de Bruxelles, Cub Hopital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
  209. 209. Hepatitis Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
  210. 210. Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  211. 211. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  212. 212. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  213. 213. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
  214. 214. Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  215. 215. Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
  216. 216. Gastroenterology Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  217. 217. Department of Virology, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
  218. 218. Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chu Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi
  219. 219. Hepato-Gastroenterology, Medical-Clinic Cemadif, Bujumbura, Burundi
  220. 220. Republican Sci. Pract. Ctr. of Viral Infections Contr., Sci. and Prod. Assoc. Preventive Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  221. 221. Internal Medicine, Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria
  222. 222. Paediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
  223. 223. University of Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
  224. 224. Department of Medicine University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
  225. 225. Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  226. 226. Gastroenterolog a y Hepatolog a, Cl nica Las Americas Auna y Cl nica Las Vegas Quiron, Medell n, Colombia
  227. 227. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nyu Langone Health, Nyu Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  228. 228. Innere Medizin and Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Klagenfurt Am W rthersee, Klagenfurt am W rthersee, Austria
  229. 229. External Teaching/Klinik Innere Medizin Iii, Medizinische Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria
  230. 230. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, S o Paulo, Brazil
  231. 231. Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Georgi D. Efremov, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
  232. 232. Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
  233. 233. Department of Virology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  234. 234. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, New Delhi, India
  235. 235. Viral Hepatitis Control Program
  236. 236. Dis. Contr., Communic. Dis. Contr., Direct. Gen. of Hlth. Serv., Min. of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  237. 237. Department of Medicine, Hepatology Section, Centro de Educacion Medica e Investigaciones Clinicas Norberto Quirno, Ciudad Aut noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  238. 238. Direcci n de Promoci n y Prevenci n, Ministerio de Salud y Protecci n Social, Bogot, Colombia
  239. 239. Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
  240. 240. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uz Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  241. 241. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
  242. 242. Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  243. 243. Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  244. 244. Hepatology, Nihr Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Nhs Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
  245. 245. Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
  246. 246. Biological Production Division, National Institute of Health Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
  247. 247. The Liver Institute, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
  248. 248. Liver Unit, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
  249. 249. Infectious Diseases Department, Clinic of South Urals State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
  250. 250. State University of Zanzibar, Internal Medicine, Zanzibar, Tanzania
  251. 251. Department of Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
  252. 252. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  253. 253. Gastroenterology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  254. 254. Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
  255. 255. Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, LUCKNOW, India
  256. 256. Medizinische Klinik 2, St Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany
  257. 257. Medizinische Klinik 1, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  258. 258. Department of Science and International Cooperation, Kazakh Science Center of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  259. 259. Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg
  260. 260. Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  261. 261. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  262. 262. Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  263. 263. A-Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
  264. 264. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
  265. 265. Gastroenterology, Hpb Surgery and Transplantology, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
  266. 266. Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  267. 267. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  268. 268. Gastroenterology Department, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
  269. 269. Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
  270. 270. Disease Control Division, Sector HIV/STI/Hepatitis C, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
  271. 271. Operations, Medecins Sans Frontieres-MSF, Maputo, Mozambique
  272. 272. Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
  273. 273. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  274. 274. Hepatology Department, Latvian Center of Infectious Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
  275. 275. Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
  276. 276. Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
  277. 277. Department of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Sti and TB, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
  278. 278. Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
  279. 279. Viroscience, Erasmus Mc, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  280. 280. Public Health Service of Amsterdam and Burnet Institute, Netherlands
  281. 281. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
  282. 282. University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Utrecht, Netherlands
  283. 283. Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
  284. 284. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium
  285. 285. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
  286. 286. Liver Transplantation Unit, Buenos Aires British Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  287. 287. Medical School University of Zagreb, University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
  288. 288. Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
  289. 289. Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
  290. 290. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  291. 291. Hepato- Gastroenterology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
  292. 292. Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Saint Joseph, Beiru, Lebanon
  293. 293. Dept. of Gastroenterol., Hepatol., Hepatobiliary Surg. and Liver Transplant., Natl. Res. Ctr. for Oncol. and Transplant., Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  294. 294. Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Aachen, Aachen, Germany
  295. 295. Faculty of Medicine Cairo University, Endemic Diseases, Cairo, Egypt
  296. 296. Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

Source: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Since the release of the first global hepatitis elimination targets in 2016, and until the COVID-19 pandemic started in early 2020, many countries and territories were making progress toward hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. This study aims to evaluate HCV burden in 2020, and forecast HCV burden by 2030 given current trends. Methods: This analysis includes a literature review, Delphi process, and mathematical modelling to estimate HCV prevalence (viraemic infection, defined as HCV RNA-positive cases) and the cascade of care among people of all ages (age ≥0 years from birth) for the period between Jan 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2030. Epidemiological data were collected from published sources and grey literature (including government reports and personal communications) and were validated among country and territory experts. A Markov model was used to forecast disease burden and cascade of care from 1950 to 2050 for countries and territories with data. Model outcomes were extracted from 2015 to 2030 to calculate population-weighted regional averages, which were used for countries or territories without data. Regional and global estimates of HCV prevalence, cascade of care, and disease burden were calculated based on 235 countries and territories. Findings: Models were built for 110 countries or territories: 83 were approved by local experts and 27 were based on published data alone. Using data from these models, plus population-weighted regional averages for countries and territories without models (n=125), we estimated a global prevalence of viraemic HCV infection of 0·7% (95% UI 0·7–0·9), corresponding to 56·8 million (95% UI 55·2–67·8) infections, on Jan 1, 2020. This number represents a decrease of 6·8 million viraemic infections from a 2015 (beginning of year) prevalence estimate of 63·6 million (61·8–75·8) infections (0·9% [0·8–1·0] prevalence). By the end of 2020, an estimated 12·9 million (12·5–15·4) people were living with a diagnosed viraemic infection. In 2020, an estimated 641 000 (623 000–765 000) patients initiated treatment. Interpretation: At the beginning of 2020, there were an estimated 56·8 million viraemic HCV infections globally. Although this number represents a decrease from 2015, our forecasts suggest we are not currently on track to achieve global elimination targets by 2030. As countries recover from COVID-19, these findings can help refocus efforts aimed at HCV elimination. Funding: John C Martin Foundation, Gilead Sciences, AbbVie, ZeShan Foundation, and The Hepatitis Fund. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd