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Histopathological Comparison Between Bone Marrow- and Periodontium-Derived Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvaria



Kadkhoda Z1 ; Safarpour A1 ; Azmoodeh F2 ; Adibi S3 ; Khoshzaban A4 ; Bahrami N5, 6, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Periodontology Department, Dental Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Pathology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Dental Research of Torabinejad Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Stem Cells Preparation Unit, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Organ Transplantation Medicine Published:2016

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis is an important oral disease. Stem cell therapy has found its way in treatment of many diseases. Objective: To evaluate the regenerative potential of periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) and osteoblast differentiated from PDLSC in comparison with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and pre-osteoblasts in calvarial defects. Methods: After proving the existence of surface markers by flow cytometry, BM-MSCs were differentiated into osteoblasts. 5 defects were made on rabbit calvaria. 3 of them were first covered with collagen membrane and then with BM-MSCs, PDLSCs, and pre-osteoblasts. The 4th defect was filled with collagen membrane and the 5th one was served as control. After 4 weeks, histological (quantitative) and histomorphological (qualitative) surveys were performed. Results: Both cell lineages were positive for CD-90 cell marker, which was specifically related to stem cells. Alizarin red staining was done for showing mineral material. RT-PCR set up for the expression of Cbfa1 gene, BMP4 gene, and PGLAP gene, confirmed osteoblast differentiation. The findings indicated that although PDLSCs and pre-osteoblasts could be used for bone regeneration, the rate of regeneration in BM-MSCs-treated cavities was more significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The obtained results are probably attributable to the effective micro-environmental signals caused by different bone types and the rate of cell maturation.
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