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Molecular Phylogeny Based on Six Nuclear Genes Suggests That Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes G6/G7 and G8/G10 Can Be Regarded As Two Distinct Species Publisher Pubmed



Laurimae T1 ; Kinkar L1 ; Moks E1 ; Romig T2 ; Omer RA3 ; Casulli A4, 5 ; Umhang G6 ; Bagrade G7 ; Irshadullah M8 ; Sharbatkhori M9 ; Mirhendi H10 ; Poncegordo F11 ; Soriano SV12 ; Varcasia A13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Laurimae T1
  2. Kinkar L1
  3. Moks E1
  4. Romig T2
  5. Omer RA3
  6. Casulli A4, 5
  7. Umhang G6
  8. Bagrade G7
  9. Irshadullah M8
  10. Sharbatkhori M9
  11. Mirhendi H10
  12. Poncegordo F11
  13. Soriano SV12
  14. Varcasia A13
  15. Rostaminejad M14
  16. Andresiuk V15
  17. Saarma U1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
  2. 2. Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
  3. 3. National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Germany
  4. 4. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (In Humans and Animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  5. 5. European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  6. 6. Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus Spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzeville, 54220, France
  7. 7. Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, 111 Rigas str., Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia
  8. 8. Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
  9. 9. Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  11. 11. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  12. 12. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Neuquen, 8300, Buenos Aires, 1400, Argentina
  13. 13. Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
  14. 14. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, CP: 7600, Argentina

Source: Parasitology Published:2018


Abstract

Tapeworms of the species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) are the cause of a severe zoonotic disease - cystic echinococcosis, which is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases in humans and is prioritized by the World Health Organization. A stable taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. is essential to the medical and veterinary communities for accurate and effective communication of the role of different species in this complex on human and animal health. E. granulosus s. l. displays high genetic diversity and has been divided into different species and genotypes. Despite several decades of research, the taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. has remained controversial, especially the species status of genotypes G6-G10. Here the Bayesian phylogeny based on six nuclear loci (7387 bp in total) demonstrated, with very high support, the clustering of G6/G7 and G8/G10 into two separate clades. According to the evolutionary species concept, G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species. Species differentiation can be attributed to the association with distinct host species, largely separate geographical distribution and low level of cross-fertilization. These factors have limited the gene flow between genotypic groups G6/G7 and G8/G10, resulting in the formation of distinct species. We discuss ecological and epidemiological differences that support the validity of these species. © Cambridge University Press 2018.
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