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Genetic Diversity and Phylogeography of the Elusive, But Epidemiologically Important Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Stricto Genotype G3 Publisher Pubmed



Kinkar L1 ; Laurimae T1 ; Balkaya I2 ; Casulli A3 ; Zait H4 ; Irshadullah M5 ; Sharbatkhori M6 ; Mirhendi H7 ; Rostaminejad M8 ; Poncegordo F9 ; Rehbein S10 ; Kia EB11 ; Simsek S12 ; Snabel V13 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kinkar L1
  2. Laurimae T1
  3. Balkaya I2
  4. Casulli A3
  5. Zait H4
  6. Irshadullah M5
  7. Sharbatkhori M6
  8. Mirhendi H7
  9. Rostaminejad M8
  10. Poncegordo F9
  11. Rehbein S10
  12. Kia EB11
  13. Simsek S12
  14. Snabel V13
  15. Umhang G14
  16. Varcasia A15
  17. Saarma U1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
  2. 2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ataturk, Erzurum, Turkey
  3. 3. World Health Organization, Collaborating Ctr. for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  4. 4. Parasitology and Mycology Department, Mustapha University Hospital, Algiers, 16000, Algeria
  5. 5. Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
  6. 6. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  8. 8. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  10. 10. Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, Rohrdorf, 83101, Germany
  11. 11. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
  13. 13. Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 040 01, Slovakia
  14. 14. ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Malzeville, 54220, France
  15. 15. Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy

Source: Parasitology Published:2018


Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe parasitic disease caused by the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Human infections are most commonly associated with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), comprising genotypes G1 and G3. The objective of the current study was to provide first insight into the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G3. Despite the epidemiological importance of the genotype, it has remained poorly explored due to the ambiguity in the definition of the genotype. However, it was recently demonstrated that long sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provide a reliable method to discriminate G1 and G3 from each other. Therefore, we sequenced near-complete mtDNA of 39 G3 samples, covering most of the known distribution range and host spectra of the genotype. The phylogenetic network revealed high genetic variation within E. granulosus s.s. G3 and while G3 is significantly less prevalent worldwide than G1, the genetic diversity of both of the genotypes is equally high. We also present the results of the Bayesian phylogeographic analysis, which yielded several well-supported diffusion routes of genotype G3 originating from Turkey and Iran, suggesting the Middle East as the origin of the genotype. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018.
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