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The Benefits of Analysing Complete Mitochondrial Genomes: Deep Insights Into the Phylogeny and Population Structure of Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes G6 and G7 Publisher Pubmed



Laurimae T1 ; Kinkar L1 ; Romig T2 ; Omer RA3 ; Casulli A4, 5 ; Umhang G6 ; Gasser RB7 ; Jabbar A7 ; Sharbatkhori M8 ; Mirhendi H9 ; Poncegordo F10 ; Lazzarini LE11 ; Soriano SV11 ; Varcasia A12 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Laurimae T1
  2. Kinkar L1
  3. Romig T2
  4. Omer RA3
  5. Casulli A4, 5
  6. Umhang G6
  7. Gasser RB7
  8. Jabbar A7
  9. Sharbatkhori M8
  10. Mirhendi H9
  11. Poncegordo F10
  12. Lazzarini LE11
  13. Soriano SV11
  14. Varcasia A12
  15. Rostami Nejad M13
  16. Andresiuk V14
  17. Maravilla P15
  18. Gonzalez LM16
  19. Dybicz M17
  20. Gawor J18
  21. Sarkunas M19
  22. Snabel V20
  23. Kuzmina T21
  24. Saarma U1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, 51003, Estonia
  2. 2. Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
  3. 3. National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
  4. 4. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  5. 5. European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, 00161, Italy
  6. 6. Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzeville, 54220, France
  7. 7. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
  8. 8. Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
  11. 11. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, 1400, Neuquen, Buenos Aires, 8300, Argentina
  12. 12. Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari, 07100, Italy
  13. 13. Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, 7600, Argentina
  15. 15. Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”, Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, DF 14080, Mexico
  16. 16. Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, 28220, Spain
  17. 17. Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego Str., Warsaw, 02-004, Poland
  18. 18. W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda51/55, Warsaw, 00-818, Poland
  19. 19. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Street 18, Kaunas, 47181, Lithuania
  20. 20. Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 040 01, Slovakia
  21. 21. I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine

Source: Infection, Genetics and Evolution Published:2018


Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Within this complex, genotypes G6 and G7 have been frequently associated with human CE worldwide. Previous studies exploring the genetic variability and phylogeography of genotypes G6 and G7 have been based on relatively short mtDNA sequences, and the resolution of these studies has often been low. Moreover, using short sequences, the distinction between G6 and G7 has in some cases remained challenging. The aim here was to sequence complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to obtain deeper insight into the genetic diversity, phylogeny and population structure of genotypes G6 and G7. We sequenced complete mitogenomes of 94 samples collected from 15 different countries worldwide. The results demonstrated that (i) genotypes G6 and G7 can be clearly distinguished when mitogenome sequences are used; (ii) G7 is represented by two major haplogroups, G7a and G7b, the latter being specific to islands of Corsica and Sardinia; (iii) intensive animal trade, but also geographical isolation, have likely had the largest impact on shaping the genetic structure and distribution of genotypes G6 and G7. In addition, we found phylogenetically highly divergent haplotype from Mongolia (Gmon), which had a higher affinity to G6. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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