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Mapping Subnational Hiv Mortality in Six Latin American Countries With Incomplete Vital Registration Systems Publisher Pubmed



Cork MA1 ; Henry NJ1, 2 ; Watson S1 ; Croneberger AJ1 ; Baumann M1 ; Letourneau ID1 ; Yang M1 ; Serfes AL1 ; Abbas J3 ; Abbasi N4 ; Abbastabar H5 ; Abreu LG6 ; Abugharbieh E7 ; Achappa B8 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Cork MA1
  2. Henry NJ1, 2
  3. Watson S1
  4. Croneberger AJ1
  5. Baumann M1
  6. Letourneau ID1
  7. Yang M1
  8. Serfes AL1
  9. Abbas J3
  10. Abbasi N4
  11. Abbastabar H5
  12. Abreu LG6
  13. Abugharbieh E7
  14. Achappa B8
  15. Adabi M9
  16. Adal TG10
  17. Adegbosin AE11
  18. Adekanmbi V12
  19. Adetokunboh OO13, 14
  20. Agudelobotero M15
  21. Ahinkorah BO16
  22. Ahmadi K17
  23. Ahmed MB18, 19
  24. Alhassan RK20
  25. Alipour V21, 22
  26. Almasihashiani A23
  27. Alvisguzman N24, 25
  28. Ancuceanu R26
  29. Andrei T27
  30. Anvari D28, 29
  31. Aqeel M30
  32. Arabloo J21
  33. Aremu O31
  34. Asaad M32
  35. Atnafu DD33
  36. Atreya A34
  37. Quintanilla BPA35
  38. Azari S21
  39. B DB36
  40. Baig AA37
  41. Banach M38, 39
  42. Bante SA40
  43. Barboza MA41, 42
  44. Basu S43, 44
  45. Bedi N45, 46
  46. Ramirez DFB47, 48
  47. Bensenor IM49
  48. Beyene FHY40
  49. Bezabih YM50, 51
  50. Bhagavathula AS52, 53
  51. Bhardwaj N54
  52. Bhardwaj P55, 56
  53. Bhattacharyya K57, 58
  54. Bhutta ZA59, 60
  55. Bijani A61
  56. Birlik SM62, 63
  57. Bitew ZW64
  58. Bohlouli S65
  59. Boloor A8
  60. Brunoni AR49, 66
  61. Butt ZA67, 68
  62. Cardenas R69
  63. Carvalho F70
  64. Castaldellimaia JM66
  65. Castanedaorjuela CA71, 72
  66. Charan J73
  67. Chatterjee S74
  68. Chattu VK75
  69. Chattu SK76
  70. Chowdhury MAK77, 78
  71. Christopher DJ79
  72. Chu DT80
  73. Cook AJ1
  74. Cormier NM1
  75. Dahlawi SMA81
  76. Daoud F1
  77. Davilacervantes CA82
  78. Weaver ND1
  79. De La Hoz FP83
  80. Demeke FM84
  81. Denovagutierrez E85
  82. Deribe K86, 87
  83. Deuba K88, 89
  84. Dharmaratne SD1, 90, 91
  85. Dhungana GP92
  86. Diaz D93, 94
  87. Djalalinia S95
  88. Duraes AR96, 97
  89. Eagan AW98, 99
  90. Earl L1
  91. Effiong A100
  92. Zaki MES101
  93. Tantawi ME102
  94. Elayedath R103
  95. Eljaafary SI104
  96. Faraon EJA105
  97. Faro A106
  98. Fattahi N107
  99. Fauk NK108
  100. Fernandes E109
  101. Filip I110, 111
  102. Fischer F112
  103. Foigt NA113
  104. Foroutan M114
  105. Fukumoto T115
  106. Gad MM116, 117
  107. Gebremariam TBB118
  108. Gebremedhin KB119
  109. Gebremeskel GG120, 121
  110. Gesesew HA108, 122
  111. Ghadiri K123, 124
  112. Ghashghaee A21, 125
  113. Gilani SA126
  114. Golechha M127
  115. Gori U128
  116. Goulart AC49, 129
  117. Goulart BNG130
  118. Gugnani HC131, 132
  119. Guimaraes MDC133
  120. Guimaraes RA134
  121. Guo YI135, 136
  122. Gupta R137, 138
  123. Haeuser E1
  124. Haider MR139
  125. Haile TG120
  126. Hajmirzaian A140, 141
  127. Hajmirzaian A140, 141
  128. Hanif A143
  129. Hargono A144
  130. Hariyani N145, 146
  131. Hassanipour S147, 148
  132. Hassankhani H149
  133. Hayat K150, 151
  134. Herteliu C27, 152
  135. Ho HC153
  136. Holla R154
  137. Hosseinzadeh M155, 156
  138. Househ M157
  139. Hwang BF158
  140. Ibeneme CU159, 160
  141. Ibitoye SE161
  142. Ilesanmi OS162, 163
  143. Ilic MD164
  144. Ilic IM165
  145. Iqbal U166
  146. Jahagirdar D1
  147. Jain V167
  148. Jakovljevic M168, 169
  149. Jha RP170, 171
  150. Johnson KB1
  151. Joseph N36
  152. Joukar F147, 148
  153. Kalankesh LR172
  154. Kalhor RL173, 174
  155. Kanchan T175
  156. Matin BK107
  157. Karch A176
  158. Karimi SE177
  159. Kassahun G178
  160. Kayode GA179, 180
  161. Karyani AK107
  162. Keramati M181
  163. Khalid N182
  164. Khan EA183
  165. Khan G184
  166. Khan MNN185, 186
  167. Khatab K187, 188
  168. Kianipour N189
  169. Kim YJ190
  170. Kisa S191
  171. Kisa A192, 193
  172. Kosen S194
  173. Laxminarayana SLK195
  174. Koyanagi A196
  175. Krishan K197
  176. Defo BK198, 199
  177. Kuchenbecker RS130, 200
  178. Kulkarni V36
  179. Kumar N36
  180. Kumar M201, 202
  181. Kurmi OP203, 204
  182. Kusuma D205, 206
  183. Vecchia CL207
  184. Lal DK208
  185. Landires I209
  186. Lasrado S210
  187. Lee PH211
  188. Legrand KE1
  189. Li B212
  190. Li S213
  191. Liu X214
  192. Amin HIM215, 216
  193. Machado DB217, 218
  194. Madi D8
  195. Magisrodriguez C219
  196. Malta DC220
  197. Mansournia MA221
  198. Manzar MD222
  199. Arnedo CAM24, 223
  200. Martinsmelo FR224
  201. Masoumi SZ225
  202. Mayala BK1, 226
  203. Medinasolis CE227
  204. Memish ZA228, 229
  205. Mendoza W230
  206. Menezes RG231
  207. Mestrovic T232, 233
  208. Mirica A234
  209. Moazen B235, 236
  210. Mohammad Y237
  211. Mezerji NMG238
  212. Mohammadianhafshejani A239
  213. Mohammadpourhodki R240
  214. Mohammed S235, 241
  215. Mokdad AH1, 91
  216. Moni MA242
  217. Moradi M107
  218. Moradi Y243
  219. Moradzadeh R23
  220. Moraga P244
  221. Khaneghah AMS245
  222. Mustafa G246, 247
  223. Mwanri L108
  224. Nagaraja R248
  225. Nagarajan AJ249, 250
  226. Naimzada MD251, 252
  227. Nascimento BR253, 254
  228. Naveed DM255
  229. Nayak VC256
  230. Nazari J257
  231. Negash H258
  232. Negoi I259, 260
  233. Nepal S261
  234. Nguefacktsague G262
  235. Nguyen CT263
  236. Nguyen HLT263
  237. Nikbakhsh R141
  238. Noubiap JJ264
  239. Nunezsamudio V265, 266
  240. Oancea B267
  241. Ogbo FA268
  242. Olagunju AT269, 270
  243. Otstavnov N251
  244. A MP271
  245. Padubidri JR256
  246. Pandiperumal SR272
  247. Pardomontano AM273
  248. Patel UK274
  249. Pawar S275
  250. Peprah EK276
  251. Pereira A277, 278
  252. Perkins S1
  253. Pescarini JM279
  254. Pokhrel KN280
  255. Postma MJ281, 282
  256. Pottoo FH283
  257. Prada SI284, 285
  258. Preotescu L286, 287
  259. Pribadi DRA288
  260. Radfar A289
  261. Rahim F290, 291
  262. Rahman MHU292
  263. Rahmani AM155, 293
  264. Ramezanzadeh K294
  265. Rana J295, 296
  266. Ranabhat CL297, 298
  267. Rao SJ299
  268. Rathi P154
  269. Rawaf S300, 301
  270. Rawaf DL302, 303
  271. Rawassizadeh R304
  272. Renjith V305
  273. Rezaei N306, 307
  274. Rezapour A21
  275. Ribeiro AI308
  276. Roever L309
  277. Rubagotti E310
  278. Rumisha SF311, 312
  279. Rwegerera GM313
  280. Sagar R314
  281. Sajadi SM315, 316
  282. Salem MR317
  283. Samy AM318
  284. Sarmientosuarez R319, 320
  285. Sathian B321, 322
  286. Schaeffer LE1
  287. Schneider IJC323
  288. Seidu AA324, 325
  289. Sha F326
  290. Shaikh MA327
  291. Sharafi KM107
  292. Sheikh A328, 329
  293. Shibuya K330
  294. Shin JI331
  295. Silva DAS332
  296. Singh JA333, 334
  297. Skryabin VY335
  298. Skryabina AA336
  299. Sligar A1
  300. Soheili A337
  301. Steuben KM1
  302. Sufiyan MB338
  303. Tadesse EG339
  304. Tesema AKT340
  305. Tesfay FH341, 342
  306. Thapar R36
  307. Thompson RL1
  308. Tovanipalone MR343, 344
  309. Tran BX345
  310. Tsegaye GW346
  311. Umeokonkwo CD347
  312. Unnikrishnan B154
  313. Vasseghian Y155
  314. Violante FS348, 349
  315. Vo B350
  316. Vu GT351
  317. Waheed Y352
  318. Wang YP66
  319. Wang Y353
  320. Ward P108
  321. Welay FT354
  322. Westerman R355
  323. Wickramasinghe ND356
  324. Yaya S357, 358
  325. Yip P359, 360
  326. Yonemoto N361, 362
  327. Yu C363, 364
  328. Yuce D365
  329. Yusefzadeh H366
  330. Zamanian M23
  331. Zastrozhin MS367, 368
  332. Zhang ZJ369
  333. Zhang Y370, 371
  334. Ziapour A372
  335. Hay SI1, 91
  336. Dwyerlindgren L1, 91
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  3. 3. Antai College of Economics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  4. 4. Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  5. 5. Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  7. 7. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  8. 8. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  9. 9. Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Public Health, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  11. 11. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
  12. 12. Department of Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  13. 13. Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modeling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  14. 14. Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  15. 15. Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  16. 16. The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPP HR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  17. 17. Lincoln Medical School, Universities of Nottingham & Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
  18. 18. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  19. 19. Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  20. 20. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  21. 21. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  24. 24. Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  25. 25. Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, ALZAK Foundation, Cartagena, Colombia
  26. 26. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  27. 27. Statistics and Econometrics Department, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  28. 28. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  29. 29. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  30. 30. Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
  31. 31. Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  32. 32. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  33. 33. Department of Health System and Health Economics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  34. 34. Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal
  35. 35. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  36. 36. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  37. 37. Unit of Biochemistry, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  38. 38. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  39. 39. Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  40. 40. Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  41. 41. Department of Neurosciences, Costa Rican Department of Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica
  42. 42. School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
  43. 43. Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  44. 44. School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  45. 45. Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  46. 46. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  47. 47. Department of Medicine, El Bosque University, Bogota, Colombia
  48. 48. Transplant Service, University Hospital Foundation Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
  49. 49. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  50. 50. Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  51. 51. One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
  52. 52. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Hradec Kralova, United Arab Emirates
  53. 53. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Al Ain, Czech Republic
  54. 54. Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India
  55. 55. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  56. 56. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  57. 57. Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  58. 58. Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
  59. 59. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  60. 60. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  61. 61. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  62. 62. University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  63. 63. Liaison of Turkey, Guillain-Barre Syndrome/Chronic Inflammatory Demye-linating Polyneuropathy Foundation International, Conshohocken, PA, United States
  64. 64. Nutrition Department, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  65. 65. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  66. 66. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  67. 67. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  68. 68. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  69. 69. Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  70. 70. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  71. 71. Colombian National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  72. 72. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  73. 73. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  74. 74. Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Medanta Medicity, Gurugram, India
  75. 75. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  76. 76. Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  77. 77. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  78. 78. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  79. 79. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India
  80. 80. Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  81. 81. Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  82. 82. Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  83. 83. Department of Public Health, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
  84. 84. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  85. 85. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  86. 86. Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  87. 87. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  88. 88. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
  89. 89. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  90. 90. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  91. 91. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  92. 92. Department of Microbiology, Far Western University, Mahendranagar, Nepal
  93. 93. Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  94. 94. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico
  95. 95. Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  96. 96. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  97. 97. Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica (Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health), Salvador, Brazil
  98. 98. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  99. 99. Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  100. 100. Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  101. 101. Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt
  102. 102. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  103. 103. School of Behavioral Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Kottayam, India
  104. 104. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  105. 105. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  106. 106. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  107. 107. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  108. 108. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  109. 109. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  110. 110. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  111. 111. School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  112. 112. Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
  113. 113. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  114. 114. Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  115. 115. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  116. 116. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  117. 117. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  118. 118. Department of Human Nutrition, Aksum University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  119. 119. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  120. 120. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  121. 121. Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  122. 122. Department of Epidemiology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  123. 123. Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  124. 124. Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  125. 125. Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  126. 126. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  127. 127. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
  128. 128. School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  129. 129. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  130. 130. Epidemiology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  131. 131. Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
  132. 132. Department of Epidemiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
  133. 133. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  134. 134. Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP), Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
  135. 135. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  136. 136. Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
  137. 137. Medical Resources, March of Dimes, Arlington, VA, United States
  138. 138. Health Policy, Management and Leadership, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
  139. 139. Department of Social and Public Health, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
  140. 140. Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  141. 141. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  142. 142. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  143. 143. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
  144. 144. Department of Epidemiology, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia
  145. 145. Department of Dental Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
  146. 146. Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  147. 147. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  148. 148. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  149. 149. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  150. 150. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  151. 151. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  152. 152. School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
  153. 153. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  154. 154. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  155. 155. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  156. 156. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  157. 157. College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  158. 158. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  159. 159. Department of Public Health and Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Umuahia, Nigeria
  160. 160. Nigerian Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria
  161. 161. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  162. 162. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  163. 163. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  164. 164. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
  165. 165. University of Belgrade, Kragujevac, Yugoslavia
  166. 166. College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  167. 167. Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  168. 168. N. A. Semashko Department of Public Health and Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  169. 169. Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Yugoslavia
  170. 170. Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
  171. 171. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  172. 172. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  173. 173. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  174. 174. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  175. 175. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  176. 176. Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Munster, Germany
  177. 177. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  178. 178. Department of Midwifery, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  179. 179. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  180. 180. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  181. 181. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  182. 182. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  183. 183. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Mymensingh, Pakistan
  184. 184. Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Islamabad, United Arab Emirates
  185. 185. Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Al Ain, Bangladesh
  186. 186. Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  187. 187. Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  188. 188. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  189. 189. Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  190. 190. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  191. 191. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  192. 192. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  193. 193. Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  194. 194. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
  195. 195. Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
  196. 196. CIBERSAM, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  197. 197. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  198. 198. Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  199. 199. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  200. 200. Department of Clinical Risk Management, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  201. 201. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  202. 202. Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  203. 203. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Coventry, ON, Canada
  204. 204. Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Hamilton, United Kingdom
  205. 205. Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  206. 206. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  207. 207. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  208. 208. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  209. 209. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  210. 210. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  211. 211. School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
  212. 212. Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
  213. 213. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  214. 214. Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  215. 215. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
  216. 216. Chemistry Department, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  217. 217. Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, Oswald Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
  218. 218. Centre for Global Mental Health (CGMH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  219. 219. National Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV and AIDS, National Institute of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
  220. 220. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  221. 221. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  222. 222. Department of Nursing, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
  223. 223. Research Group, Foundation for the Promotion of Life (Fundovida IPS), Cartagena, Colombia
  224. 224. Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  225. 225. Department of Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  226. 226. ICF International, DHS Program, Rockville, MD, United States
  227. 227. Department of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Mexico
  228. 228. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  229. 229. Research & Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  230. 230. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  231. 231. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  232. 232. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr, Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  233. 233. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  234. 234. Departament of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  235. 235. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  236. 236. Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  237. 237. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  238. 238. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  239. 239. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  240. 240. Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  241. 241. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  242. 242. University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
  243. 243. School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  244. 244. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  245. 245. Department of Food Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
  246. 246. Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
  247. 247. Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
  248. 248. Prasanna School of Data Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Udupi, India
  249. 249. Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  250. 250. Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
  251. 251. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  252. 252. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
  253. 253. Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  254. 254. Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  255. 255. Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  256. 256. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  257. 257. Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  258. 258. Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  259. 259. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  260. 260. Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  261. 261. Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Palpa, Nepal
  262. 262. Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
  263. 263. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  264. 264. Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, WA, Australia
  265. 265. Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  266. 266. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  267. 267. Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  268. 268. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  269. 269. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  270. 270. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  271. 271. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  272. 272. Corporate, Somnogen Canada Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
  273. 273. Department of Economic Geography, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  274. 274. Department of Neurology and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  275. 275. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  276. 276. School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
  277. 277. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  278. 278. Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  279. 279. Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Brazil
  280. 280. HIV and Mental Health Department, Integrated Development Foundation Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  281. 281. University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  282. 282. School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  283. 283. Department of Pharmacology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  284. 284. Clinical Research Center, Fundacion Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
  285. 285. Center for Studies in Social Protection and Health Economics, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia
  286. 286. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
  287. 287. Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  288. 288. Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
  289. 289. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  290. 290. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  291. 291. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  292. 292. Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Solan, India
  293. 293. Department of Computer Science, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  294. 294. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  295. 295. Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  296. 296. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
  297. 297. Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
  298. 298. Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
  299. 299. Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  300. 300. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  301. 301. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  302. 302. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  303. 303. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  304. 304. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  305. 305. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Muharraq Governorate, Bahrain
  306. 306. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  307. 307. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIM A), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  308. 308. Epidemiology Research Unit Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit-ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  309. 309. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  310. 310. Center for Research in Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases, ICESI University, Cali, Colombia
  311. 311. Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  312. 312. Department of Health Statistics, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  313. 313. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  314. 314. Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  315. 315. Department of Phytochemistry, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
  316. 316. Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  317. 317. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  318. 318. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  319. 319. Department of Health and Society, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
  320. 320. National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
  321. 321. Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  322. 322. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  323. 323. School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil
  324. 324. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  325. 325. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
  326. 326. Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
  327. 327. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  328. 328. Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  329. 329. Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  330. 330. Institute for Population Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  331. 331. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  332. 332. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  333. 333. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  334. 334. US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  335. 335. Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation
  336. 336. Therapeutic Department, Balashiha Central Hospital, Balashikha, Russian Federation
  337. 337. Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  338. 338. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  339. 339. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  340. 340. Health Education and Behavioral Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  341. 341. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  342. 342. Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  343. 343. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  344. 344. Modestum LTD, London, United Kingdom
  345. 345. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  346. 346. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  347. 347. Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  348. 348. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  349. 349. Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  350. 350. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  351. 351. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  352. 352. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  353. 353. School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  354. 354. Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  355. 355. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  356. 356. Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  357. 357. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  358. 358. The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  359. 359. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  360. 360. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  361. 361. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  362. 362. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  363. 363. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  364. 364. Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  365. 365. Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  366. 366. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  367. 367. Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation
  368. 368. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  369. 369. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  370. 370. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  371. 371. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  372. 372. Department of Health Education & Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: BMC Medicine Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths. © 2021, The Author(s).
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