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The Global Burden of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Invasive Disease: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Publisher Pubmed



Stanaway JD1, 2 ; Parisi A3 ; Sarkar K4 ; Blacker BF1 ; Reiner RC1, 2 ; Hay SI1, 2 ; Nixon MR1 ; Dolecek C5, 7 ; James SL1 ; Mokdad AH1, 2 ; Abebe G8 ; Ahmadian E10, 12 ; Alahdab F13 ; Alemnew BT14, 15, 17 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Stanaway JD1, 2
  2. Parisi A3
  3. Sarkar K4
  4. Blacker BF1
  5. Reiner RC1, 2
  6. Hay SI1, 2
  7. Nixon MR1
  8. Dolecek C5, 7
  9. James SL1
  10. Mokdad AH1, 2
  11. Abebe G8
  12. Ahmadian E10, 12
  13. Alahdab F13
  14. Alemnew BT14, 15, 17
  15. Alipour V18
  16. Bakeshei FA19
  17. Animut MD9
  18. Ansari F11
  19. Arabloo J18
  20. Asfaw ET21
  21. Bagherzadeh M24
  22. Bassat Q25, 26
  23. Belayneh YM27
  24. Carvalho F28
  25. Daryani A30
  26. Demeke FM32
  27. Demis AB16
  28. Dubey M36
  29. Duken EE35, 37
  30. Dunachie SJ6, 7
  31. Eftekhari A10
  32. Fernandes E29, 34
  33. Fard RF42, 43
  34. Gedefaw GA33, 45
  35. Geta B27, 38
  36. Gibney KB46, 47
  37. Hasanzadeh A39
  38. Hoang CL52
  39. Kasaeian A50, 51
  40. Khater A53
  41. Kidanemariam ZT44
  42. Lakew AM54
  43. Malekzadeh R56, 64
  44. Melese A31
  45. Mengistu DT22
  46. Mestrovic T57, 58
  47. Miazgowski B59
  48. Mohammad KA60, 61
  49. Mohammadian M62, 74
  50. Mohammadianhafshejani A63
  51. Nguyen CT52
  52. Nguyen LH52
  53. Nguyen SH52
  54. Nirayo YL20
  55. Olagunju AT65, 66, 67
  56. Olagunju TO65, 66, 67
  57. Pourjafar H40, 41
  58. Qorbani M68, 75
  59. Rabiee M24, 69, 70
  60. Rabiee N24
  61. Rafay A76
  62. Rezapour A18
  63. Samy AM72
  64. Sepanlou SG49, 56
  65. Shaikh MA73
  66. Sharif M20, 71
  67. Shigematsu M20, 71
  68. Tessema B55
  69. Tran BX77
  70. Ullah I78, 79
  71. Yimer EM23
  72. Zaidi Z80
  73. Murray CJL1, 2
  74. Crump JA81, 82
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  4. 4. Technical Department, Malaria No More, Delhi, India
  5. 5. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
  8. 8. Department of Parasitology
  9. 9. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  10. 10. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Health Management
  11. 11. Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  12. 12. Institute of Radiation Problems of Azerbaijan, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  13. 13. Evidence Based Practice Center
  14. 14. Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  15. 15. Department of Health Sciences
  16. 16. Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  17. 17. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  18. 18. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  19. 19. Department of Social Medicine, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
  20. 20. Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  21. 21. Institute of Biomedical Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  22. 22. School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  23. 23. School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  24. 24. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  26. 26. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  27. 27. Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  28. 28. Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  29. 29. University of Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Porto, Portugal
  30. 30. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  31. 31. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences
  32. 32. College of Medicine and Health Sciences
  33. 33. Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  34. 34. Department of Nursing Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  35. 35. Mycobacteriology Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  36. 36. United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India
  37. 37. Department of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  38. 38. Pharmacology and Toxicology Department
  39. 39. Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  41. 41. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  42. 42. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  43. 43. Research Center for Environmental Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  44. 44. College of Health and Medical Sciences
  45. 45. Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  46. 46. Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victorian Infectious Diseases Service (VIDS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  47. 47. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  48. 48. Department of Microbiology
  49. 49. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  51. 51. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  52. 52. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  53. 53. National Hepatology and Tropical Research Institute, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Cairo, Egypt
  54. 54. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  55. 55. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  56. 56. Non-Communicable Diseases Reserach Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  57. 57. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Ozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  58. 58. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  59. 59. Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  60. 60. Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  61. 61. Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  62. 62. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
  63. 63. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  64. 64. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  65. 65. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  66. 66. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  67. 67. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  68. 68. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  69. 69. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  70. 70. Advanced Technologies Research Group, Division of Chemistry and Division of Diseases (N Rabiee), Tehran, Iran
  71. 71. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
  72. 72. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  73. 73. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  74. 74. Department of Basic Sciences
  75. 75. Department of Laboratory Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
  76. 76. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  77. 77. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  78. 78. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  79. 79. Tb Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  80. 80. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  81. 81. Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  82. 82. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States

Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases Published:2019


Abstract

Background: Non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Malnourished children, those with recent malaria or sickle-cell anaemia, and adults with HIV infection are at particularly high risk of disease. We sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: We did a systematic review of scientific databases and grey literature, and estimated non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease incidence and mortality for the years 1990 to 2017, by age, sex, and geographical location using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We estimated case fatality by age, HIV status, and sociodemographic development. We also calculated the HIV-attributable fraction and estimated health gap metrics, including disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: We estimated that 535 000 (95% uncertainty interval 409 000–705 000) cases of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease occurred in 2017, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (34·5 [26·6–45·0] cases per 100 000 person-years) and in children younger than 5 years (34·3 [23·2–54·7] cases per 100 000 person-years). 77 500 (46 400–123 000) deaths were estimated in 2017, of which 18 400 (12 000–27 700) were attributable to HIV. The remaining 59 100 (33 300–98 100) deaths not attributable to HIV accounted for 4·26 million (2·38–7·38) DALYs in 2017. Mean all-age case fatality was 14·5% (9·2–21·1), with higher estimates among children younger than 5 years (13·5% [8·4–19·8]) and elderly people (51·2% [30·2–72·9] among those aged ≥70 years), people with HIV infection (41·8% [30·0–54·0]), and in areas of low sociodemographic development (eg, 15·8% [10·0–22·9] in sub-Saharan Africa). Interpretation: We present the first global estimates of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease that have been produced as part of GBD 2017. Given the high disease burden, particularly in children, elderly people, and people with HIV infection, investigating the sources and transmission pathways of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease is crucial to implement effective preventive and control measures. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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