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The Interactions and Communications in Tumor Resistance to Radiotherapy: Therapy Perspectives Publisher Pubmed



Ashrafizadeh M1 ; Farhood B2 ; Eleojo Musa A3 ; Taeb S4 ; Najafi M5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Physics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  5. 5. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: International Immunopharmacology Published:2020


Abstract

Tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a wide range of cell types including cancer cells, cells which are involved in stromal structure and immune cells (tumor suppressor and tumor promoting cells). These cells have several interactions with each other that are mainly regulated via the release of intercellular mediators. Radiotherapy can modulate these interactions via shifting secretions into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Radiotherapy also can trigger resistance of cancer (stem) cells via activation of stromal cells. The main mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy is the exhaustion of anti-tumor immunity via suppression of CD4+ T cells and apoptosis of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main suppressor of anti-tumor immunity via the release of several chemokines, cytokines and immune suppressors. In this review, we explain the main cellular and molecular interactions and secretions in TME following radiotherapy. Furthermore, the main signaling pathways and intercellular connections that can be targeted to improve therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy will be discussed. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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