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Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment of 84 Behavioural, Environmental and Occupational, and Metabolic Risks or Clusters of Risks for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Publisher Pubmed



Stanaway JD1, 2 ; Afshin A1, 2 ; Gakidou E1, 2 ; Lim SS1, 2 ; Abate D20 ; Abate KH21 ; Abbafati C26 ; Abbasi N6, 27, 49 ; Abbastabar H28 ; Abdallah F51, 158 ; Abdela J14 ; Abdelalim A53 ; Abdollahpour I54 ; Abdulkader RS57 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Stanaway JD1, 2
  2. Afshin A1, 2
  3. Gakidou E1, 2
  4. Lim SS1, 2
  5. Abate D20
  6. Abate KH21
  7. Abbafati C26
  8. Abbasi N6, 27, 49
  9. Abbastabar H28
  10. Abdallah F51, 158
  11. Abdela J14
  12. Abdelalim A53
  13. Abdollahpour I54
  14. Abdulkader RS57
  15. Abebe M58
  16. Abebe Z59
  17. Abera SF63
  18. Abil OZ75, 77
  19. Abraha HN65
  20. Abrham AR15
  21. Aburaddad LJ78
  22. Aburmeileh NME79
  23. Accrombessi MMK3, 80, 81
  24. Acharya D83, 84
  25. Acharya P85
  26. Adamu AA86, 89
  27. Adane AA60, 92
  28. Adebayo OM98
  29. Adedoyin RA99
  30. Adekanmbi V100
  31. Ademi Z101
  32. Adetokunboh OO86, 89
  33. Adib MG105
  34. Admasie A106
  35. Adsuar JC108
  36. Afanvi KA110, 111
  37. Afarideh M29
  38. Agarwal G112
  39. Aggarwal A3, 80
  40. Aghayan SA114, 115
  41. Agrawal A116, 117, 118
  42. Agrawal S120, 121
  43. Ahmadi A122
  44. Ahmadi M137
  45. Ahmadieh H143, 148
  46. Ahmed MB22
  47. Aichour AN151
  48. Aichour I151
  49. Aichour MTE152
  50. Akbari ME144
  51. Akinyemiju T153
  52. Akseer N155
  53. Alaly Z51, 158
  54. Aleyadhy A162
  55. Almekhlafi HM165, 167
  56. Alahdab F168, 169
  57. Alam K170
  58. Alam S172
  59. Alam T1
  60. Alashi A174
  61. Alavian SM175
  62. Alene KA60, 177
  63. Ali K1
  64. Ali SM180
  65. Alijanzadeh M182
  66. Alizadehnavaei R183
  67. Aljunid SM193
  68. Alkerwi A194, 195
  69. Alla F197
  70. Alsharif U199
  71. Altirkawi K164
  72. Alvisguzman N196, 200, 201
  73. Amare AT202
  74. Ammar W204, 206, 207
  75. Anber NH210, 211
  76. Anderson JA1
  77. Andrei CL216
  78. Androudi S217
  79. Animut MD219
  80. Anjomshoa M30, 220
  81. Ansha MG221
  82. Anto JM224, 225
  83. Antonio CAT226, 228
  84. Anwari P231
  85. Appiah LT232, 233
  86. Appiah SCY234, 235
  87. Arabloo J236
  88. Aremu O245, 246
  89. Arnlov J250
  90. Artaman A251
  91. Aryal KK252
  92. Asayesh H253
  93. Ataro Z16
  94. Ausloos M254
  95. Avokpaho EFGA82, 256
  96. Awasthi A120, 257
  97. Quintanilla BPA258
  98. Ayer R264
  99. Ayuk TB268
  100. Azzopardi PS203, 271
  101. Babazadeh A272
  102. Badali H184
  103. Badawi A156, 273
  104. Balakrishnan K276
  105. Bali AG17
  106. Ball K277
  107. Ballew SH280
  108. Banach M287, 288
  109. Banoub JAM289, 290
  110. Barac A291, 292
  111. Barkercollo SL295
  112. Barnighausen TW297, 301
  113. Barrero LH309
  114. Basu S310
  115. Baune BT312
  116. Bazarganhejazi S313, 314
  117. Bedi N166, 315
  118. Beghi E316
  119. Behzadifar M236, 321
  120. Behzadifar M236, 321
  121. Bejot Y323, 324
  122. Bekele BB60, 325
  123. Bekru ET107
  124. Belay E73
  125. Belay YA328
  126. Bell ML332
  127. Bello AK334
  128. Bennett DA335
  129. Bensenor IM341
  130. Bergeron G349
  131. Berhane A350
  132. Bernabe E354
  133. Bernstein RS358, 359
  134. Beuran M212
  135. Beyranvand T244
  136. Bhala N360, 361
  137. Bhalla A362
  138. Bhattarai S368, 369
  139. Bhutta ZA157, 370
  140. Biadgo B58
  141. Bijani A372
  142. Bikbov B317
  143. Bilano V382
  144. Bililign N385
  145. Sayeed MSB179, 386
  146. Bisanzio D387, 388
  147. Biswas T390
  148. Bjorge T391, 394
  149. Blacker BF1
  150. Bleyer A395, 396
  151. Borschmann R398, 401
  152. Bouorm IR408
  153. Boufous S409
  154. Bourne R414
  155. Brady OJ364
  156. Brauer M1, 415
  157. Brazinova A418
  158. Breitborde NJK419, 421
  159. Brenner H422
  160. Briko AN423
  161. Britton G424, 426
  162. Brugha T255
  163. Buchbinder R102, 427
  164. Burnett RT2, 428
  165. Busse R197
  166. Butt ZA415, 429
  167. Cahill LE172, 302
  168. Cahuanahurtado L430
  169. Camposnonato IR435
  170. Cardenas R436
  171. Carreras G437
  172. Carrero JJ247
  173. Carvalho F438, 443
  174. Castanedaorjuela CA445, 448
  175. Rivas JC450, 451
  176. Castro F425
  177. Catalalopez F452
  178. Causey K1
  179. Cercy KM1
  180. Cerin E453, 456
  181. Chaiah Y459
  182. Chang HY460
  183. Chang JC461
  184. Chang KL462
  185. Charlson FJ4, 92
  186. Chattopadhyay A463
  187. Chattu VK467, 469
  188. Chee ML470
  189. Cheng CY471, 472
  190. Chew A1
  191. Chiang PPC473
  192. Chimedochir O474
  193. Chin KL102
  194. Chitheer A481
  195. Choi JYJ482
  196. Chowdhury R483
  197. Christensen H484, 488
  198. Christopher DJ486, 490
  199. Chung SC491, 494
  200. Cicuttini FM101
  201. Cirillo M495
  202. Cohen AJ1, 496
  203. Colladomateo D109, 497
  204. Cooper C499, 500
  205. Cooper OR501, 504
  206. Coresh J281
  207. Cornaby L1
  208. Cortesi PA502
  209. Cortinovis M318
  210. Costa M503, 505
  211. Cousin E506
  212. Criqui MH508
  213. Cromwell EA1, 2
  214. Cundiff DK511
  215. Daba AK512
  216. Dachew BA60, 92
  217. Dadi AF60, 514
  218. Damasceno AAM515
  219. Dandona L1
  220. Dandona R120
  221. Darby SC335
  222. Dargan PI355, 516
  223. Daryani A185
  224. Gupta RD518
  225. Neves JD439, 444
  226. Dasa TT18
  227. Dash AP520
  228. Davitoiu DV213, 521
  229. Davletov K522
  230. De La Cruzgongora V431
  231. La Hoz FPD449
  232. Leo DD523
  233. Neve JWD297
  234. Degenhardt L1, 410
  235. Deiparine S1
  236. Dellavalle RP525, 526, 527
  237. Demoz GT353, 528, 538
  238. Denovagutierrez E432
  239. Deribe K350, 530
  240. Dervenis N531, 532
  241. Deshpande A1
  242. Jarlais DCD533
  243. Dessie GA329
  244. Deveber GA154
  245. Dey S534
  246. Dharmaratne SD1, 535
  247. Dhimal M536
  248. Dinberu MT222
  249. Ding EL302
  250. Diro HD19
  251. Do HP540
  252. Dokova K541
  253. Doku DT542, 543
  254. Doyle KE545
  255. Driscoll TR546, 585
  256. Dubey M551
  257. Dubljanin E292
  258. Duken EE23, 76
  259. Duncan BB506
  260. Duraes AR552, 553
  261. Ebert N197
  262. Ebrahimi H27, 31
  263. Ebrahimpour S272
  264. Edvardsson D259, 554
  265. Effiong A555
  266. Eggen AE556
  267. Bcheraoui CE1
  268. Elkhatib Z248
  269. Elyazar IR557
  270. Enayati A186
  271. Endries AY558
  272. Er B481
  273. Erskine HE92, 561
  274. Eskandarieh S32
  275. Esteghamati A29
  276. Estep K1
  277. Fakhim H562
  278. Faramarzi M381
  279. Fareed M563
  280. Farid TA565
  281. Farinha CSE566
  282. Farioli A567
  283. Faro A568
  284. Farvid MS302
  285. Farzaei MH123, 135
  286. Fatima B371
  287. Fay KA1
  288. Fazaeli AA569
  289. Feigin VL1, 572
  290. Feigl AB301, 573
  291. Fereshtehnejad SM50, 249
  292. Fernandes E440
  293. Fernandes JC574
  294. Ferrara G1
  295. Ferrari AJ92, 561
  296. Ferreira ML547
  297. Filip I389, 575
  298. Finger JD576
  299. Fischer F577
  300. Foigt NA578
  301. Foreman KJ1
  302. Fukumoto T579, 580
  303. Fullman N1
  304. Furst T581, 583
  305. Furtado JM342
  306. Futran ND5
  307. Gall S103, 584
  308. Gallus S319
  309. Gamkrelidze A586
  310. Ganji M29
  311. Garciabasteiro AL223, 587
  312. Gardner WM1
  313. Gebre AK66
  314. Gebremedhin AT21, 588
  315. Gebremichael TG66
  316. Gelano TF20
  317. Geleijnse JM589
  318. Geramo YCD218
  319. Gething PW336
  320. Gezae KE67
  321. Ghadimi R373
  322. Ghadiri K136
  323. Falavarjani KG237
  324. Ghasemikasman M373
  325. Ghimire M590
  326. Ghosh R591
  327. Ghoshal AG593, 594
  328. Giampaoli S595, 597
  329. Gill PS598
  330. Gill TK600
  331. Gillum RF602, 603
  332. Ginawi IA604
  333. Giussani G316
  334. Gnedovskaya EV605
  335. Godwin WW4
  336. Goli S466, 606
  337. Gomezdantes H430
  338. Gona PN607
  339. Gopalani SV608, 609
  340. Goulart AC343, 348
  341. Grada A610
  342. Grams ME282, 283
  343. Grosso G612
  344. Gugnani HC613, 614
  345. Guo Y101
  346. Gupta R615, 616
  347. Gupta R615, 616
  348. Gupta T619, 622
  349. Gutierrez RA623
  350. Gutierreztorres DS433, 537
  351. Haagsma JA624
  352. Habtewold TD625
  353. Hachinski V627
  354. Hafezinejad N33, 284
  355. Hagos TB68
  356. Hailegiyorgis TT20, 722
  357. Hailu GB69
  358. Hajmirzaian A34, 145, 284
  359. Hajmirzaian A34, 145, 284
  360. Hamadeh RR631
  361. Hamidi S632
  362. Handal AJ633
  363. Hankey GJ171, 634
  364. Hao Y635, 636
  365. Harb HL406
  366. Harikrishnan S637
  367. Haro JM639, 640
  368. Hassankhani H643
  369. Hassen HY325, 645
  370. Havmoeller R646
  371. Hawley CN1
  372. Hay SI1, 2
  373. Hedayatizadehomran A192
  374. Heibati B238
  375. Heidari B647
  376. Heidari M648
  377. Hendrie D588
  378. Henok A327
  379. Herediapi I430
  380. Herteliu C649
  381. Heydarpour F124
  382. Heydarpour S136
  383. Hibstu DT513
  384. Higazi TB650
  385. Hilawe EH651
  386. Hoek HW626, 652
  387. Hoffman HJ446, 654
  388. Hole MK656
  389. Rad EH657, 658
  390. Hoogar P659
  391. Hosgood HD621
  392. Hosseini SM35
  393. Hosseinzadeh M660, 661
  394. Hostiuc M213, 662
  395. Hostiuc S214, 663
  396. Hoy DG550
  397. Hsairi M664
  398. Hsiao T1
  399. Hu G665
  400. Hu H475
  401. Huang JJ333
  402. Hussen MA24
  403. Huynh CK1
  404. Iburg KM666
  405. Ikeda N668
  406. Ilesanmi OS670, 671
  407. Iqbal U672
  408. Irvani SSN27, 145
  409. Irvine CMS1
  410. Islam SMS548
  411. Islami F674
  412. Jackson MD468
  413. Jacobsen KH675
  414. Jahangiry L642
  415. Jahanmehr N146, 149
  416. Jain SK676
  417. Jakovljevic M677
  418. James SL1
  419. Jassal SK161, 509
  420. Jayatilleke AU678, 679
  421. Jeemon P638
  422. Jha RP680
  423. Jha V340, 682
  424. Ji JS683
  425. Jonas JB298, 685
  426. Jonnagaddala J411, 686
  427. Shushtari ZJ687
  428. Joshi A688
  429. Jozwiak JJ695, 696
  430. Jurisson M697
  431. Kabir Z698
  432. Kahsay A70
  433. Kalani R7
  434. Kanchan T689
  435. Kant S699
  436. Kar C700
  437. Karami M570
  438. Matin BK125
  439. Karch A701
  440. Karema C582, 702
  441. Karimi N187, 190
  442. Karimi SM703
  443. Kasaeian A36, 47
  444. Kassa DH329
  445. Kassa GM330
  446. Kassa TD65
  447. Kassebaum NJ1, 704
  448. Katikireddi SV705
  449. Kaul A706, 707
  450. Kawakami N265
  451. Kazemi Z539
  452. Karyani AK125
  453. Kefale AT326
  454. Keiyoro PN708
  455. Kemp GR1, 710
  456. Kengne AP711, 714
  457. Keren A716, 717
  458. Kesavachandran CN718
  459. Khader YS719
  460. Khafaei B720
  461. Khafaie MA138
  462. Khajavi A147
  463. Khalid N721
  464. Khalil IA1
  465. Khan G723
  466. Khan MS723, 724
  467. Khan MA728, 730
  468. Khang YH731, 732
  469. Khater MM53
  470. Khazaei M571
  471. Khazaie H126
  472. Khoja AT285, 564
  473. Khosravi A539
  474. Khosravi MH176, 733
  475. Kiadaliri AA734
  476. Kiirithio DN736, 737
  477. Kim CI738
  478. Kim D739
  479. Kim YE740
  480. Kim YJ742
  481. Kimokoti RW743
  482. Kinfu Y400, 744
  483. Kisa A745, 747
  484. Kissimovaskarbek K748
  485. Kivimaki M492, 750
  486. Knibbs LD92
  487. Knudsen AKS392, 752
  488. Kochhar S4, 624
  489. Kokubo Y755
  490. Kolola T221
  491. Kopec JA417, 756
  492. Kosen S757
  493. Koul PA758, 770
  494. Koyanagi A639
  495. Kravchenko MA605
  496. Krishan K759
  497. Krohn KJ1
  498. Kromhout H760
  499. Defo BK761, 762
  500. Bicer BK763, 764
  501. Kumar GA120
  502. Kumar M493, 709
  503. Kuzin I13
  504. Kyu HH1
  505. Lachat C765
  506. Lad DP362
  507. Lad SD363
  508. Lafranconi A502
  509. Lalloo R93
  510. Lallukka T750, 766
  511. Lami FH768, 791, 793
  512. Lang JJ274
  513. Lansingh VC469, 769
  514. Larson SL1
  515. Latifi A771
  516. Lazarus JV224
  517. Lee PH230
  518. Leigh J549
  519. Leili M571
  520. Leshargie CT328
  521. Leung J2, 97
  522. Levi M773, 774
  523. Lewycka S337, 775
  524. Li S101
  525. Li Y776
  526. Liang J777, 778
  527. Liang X780
  528. Liao Y636, 781
  529. Liben ML782
  530. Lim LL783, 784
  531. Linn S785
  532. Liu S786
  533. Lodha R690
  534. Logroscino G787, 788
  535. Lopez AD1, 405
  536. Lorkowski S789
  537. Lotufo PA344
  538. Lozano R1, 2
  539. Lucas TCD338
  540. Lunevicius R795
  541. Ma S476
  542. Macarayan ERK227, 303
  543. Machado IE798
  544. Madotto F502
  545. Mai HT540
  546. Majdan M802
  547. Majdzadeh R37, 48
  548. Majeed A383
  549. Malekzadeh R38, 803
  550. Malta DC799
  551. Mamun AA94
  552. Manda AL804
  553. Manguerra H1
  554. Mansournia MA35
  555. Mantovani LG502
  556. Maravilla JC94
  557. Marcenes W356
  558. Marks A1
  559. Martin RV173
  560. Martins SCO507, 805
  561. Martinsmelo FR806
  562. Marz W299, 807
  563. Marzan MB808
  564. Massenburg BB8
  565. Mathur MR118, 492
  566. Mathur P809
  567. Matsushita K284
  568. Maulik PK412, 682
  569. Mazidi M812
  570. Mcalinden C813
  571. Mcgrath JJ95, 667
  572. Mckee M365
  573. Mehrotra R814
  574. Mehta KM592
  575. Mehta V815
  576. Meier T790, 816
  577. Mekonnen FA61
  578. Melaku YA60, 600
  579. Melese A818
  580. Melku M60
  581. Memiah PTN820, 821
  582. Memish ZA459, 477
  583. Mendoza W822
  584. Mengistu DT71
  585. Mensah GA655, 714
  586. Mensink GBM576
  587. Mereta ST25
  588. Meretoja A402, 823
  589. Meretoja TJ751, 824
  590. Mestrovic T825, 827
  591. Mezgebe HB828
  592. Miazgowski B831, 832
  593. Miazgowski T829
  594. Millear AI1
  595. Miller TR833
  596. Millerpetrie MK1
  597. Mini GK638
  598. Mirarefin M834
  599. Mirica A649, 835
  600. Mirrakhimov EM836, 837
  601. Misganaw AT1, 2
  602. Mitiku H16, 20
  603. Moazen B297, 838
  604. Mohajer B27, 32
  605. Mohammad KA839, 840
  606. Mohammadi M188
  607. Mohammadifard N841
  608. Mohammadniaafrouzi M374
  609. Mohammed S297, 842
  610. Mohebi F27, 39
  611. Mokdad AH1, 2
  612. Molokhia M355
  613. Momeniha F244
  614. Monasta L844
  615. Moodley Y845
  616. Moradi G846, 847
  617. Moradilakeh M239
  618. Moradinazar M127
  619. Moraga P848
  620. Morawska L849
  621. Morgadodacosta J852
  622. Morrison SD9
  623. Moschos MM853, 854
  624. Mouodi S381
  625. Mousavi SM30
  626. Mozaffarian D855, 863
  627. Mruts KB221
  628. Muche AA60
  629. Muchie KF60
  630. Mueller UO858, 859
  631. Muhammed OS351
  632. Mukhopadhyay S860
  633. Muller K1
  634. Musa KI861
  635. Mustafa G862
  636. Nabhan AF864
  637. Naghavi M1, 2
  638. Naheed A866, 899
  639. Nahvijou A40
  640. Naik G725
  641. Naik N691
  642. Najafi F128
  643. Nangia V869
  644. Nansseu JR407, 870
  645. Nascimento BR800
  646. Neal B412, 681
  647. Neamati N375
  648. Negoi I212
  649. Negoi RI215, 871
  650. Neupane S544
  651. Newton CRJ339, 872
  652. Ngunjiri JW873
  653. Nguyen AQ874, 958
  654. Nguyen G1
  655. Nguyen HT875
  656. Nguyen HLT540
  657. Nguyen HT875
  658. Nguyen M1
  659. Nguyen NB218, 362
  660. Nichols E1
  661. Nie J877
  662. Ningrum DNA673, 878
  663. Nirayo YL65
  664. Nishi N669
  665. Nixon MR1
  666. Nojomi M239
  667. Nomura S266, 879
  668. Norheim OF301, 391
  669. Noroozi M687
  670. Norrving B735
  671. Noubiap JJ714
  672. Nouri HR376
  673. Shiadeh MN192
  674. Nowroozi MR41
  675. Nsoesie EO1, 10
  676. Nyasulu PS87
  677. Obermeyer CM208, 880
  678. Odell CM1
  679. Oforiasenso R104, 881
  680. Ogbo FA883
  681. Oh IH884
  682. Oladimeji O885, 886
  683. Olagunju AT601, 887
  684. Olagunju TO113
  685. Olivares PR498
  686. Olsen HE1
  687. Olusanya BO888
  688. Olusanya JO888
  689. Ong KL1
  690. Ong SK478, 889
  691. Oren E13, 890
  692. Orpana HM275, 891
  693. Ortiz A892, 894
  694. Ota E895
  695. Otstavnov SS896, 897
  696. Overland S392, 753
  697. Owolabi MO898
  698. Mahesh P899
  699. Pacella R850, 900
  700. Pakhare AP688
  701. Pakpour AH181
  702. Pana A649, 901
  703. Pandajonas S300
  704. Park EK902
  705. Parry CDH88, 712
  706. Parsian H375
  707. Patel S903
  708. Pati S810
  709. Patil ST904
  710. Patle A464, 905
  711. Patton GC399, 403
  712. Paudel D235, 906
  713. Paulson KR1
  714. Ballesteros WCP433
  715. Pearce N366
  716. Pereira A304, 345
  717. Pereira DM440, 907
  718. Perico N317
  719. Pesudovs K908
  720. Petzold M909, 910
  721. Pham HQ540
  722. Phillips MR911
  723. Pillay JD912
  724. Piradov MA605
  725. Pirsaheb M136
  726. Pischon T913
  727. Pishgar F27, 41
  728. Planaripoll O667
  729. Plass D914
  730. Polinder S624
  731. Polkinghorne KR103
  732. Postma MJ916
  733. Poulton R917
  734. Pourshams A38
  735. Poustchi H38
  736. Prabhakaran D120, 367
  737. Prakash S918
  738. Prasad N918
  739. Purcell CA1
  740. Purwar MB919
  741. Qorbani M920
  742. Radfar A390, 921
  743. Rafay A922
  744. Rafiei A189, 191
  745. Rahim F139
  746. Rahimi Z129
  747. Rahimimovaghar A42
  748. Rahimimovaghar V43
  749. Rahman M260, 278
  750. Rahman MHU465
  751. Rahman MA519
  752. Rai RK923, 924
  753. Rajati F130
  754. Rajsic S925
  755. Raju SB926
  756. Ram U465
  757. Ranabhat CL927
  758. Ranjan P726
  759. Rath GK692
  760. Rawaf DL384, 928
  761. Rawaf S383, 929, 930
  762. Reddy KS120
  763. Rehm CD620
  764. Reiner RC1, 2
  765. Reitsma MB1
  766. Remuzzi G320
  767. Renzaho AMN882
  768. Resnikoff S931, 932
  769. Reynalesshigematsu LM433
  770. Rezaei S131
  771. Ribeiro ALP800
  772. Rivera JA434
  773. Roba KT18
  774. Rodriguezramirez S432
  775. Roever L933
  776. Ronfani L844
  777. Roshandel G38, 934
  778. Rostami A377
  779. Roth GA1, 11
  780. Rothenbacher D935
  781. Roy A691
  782. Rubagotti E936, 937
  783. Rushton L382
  784. Sabanayagam C471
  785. Sachdev PS413, 938
  786. Saddik B939
  787. Sadeghi E132
  788. Moghaddam SS27
  789. Safari H140
  790. Safari Y136
  791. Safarifaramani R125
  792. Safdarian M43, 240
  793. Safi S148, 150
  794. Safiri S772
  795. Sagar R693
  796. Sahebkar A940
  797. Sahraian MA32
  798. Sajadi HS39
  799. Salam N941
  800. Salamati P43, 942
  801. Saleem Z943
  802. Salimi Y128
  803. Salimzadeh H38
  804. Salomon JA311
  805. Salvi DD611
  806. Salz I479
  807. Samy AM865
  808. Sanabria J944, 945
  809. Sancheznino MD946
  810. Sanchezpimienta TG435
  811. Sanders T454
  812. Sang Y280
  813. Santomauro DF92, 559
  814. Santos IS341
  815. Santos JV441, 947
  816. Milicevic MMS293
  817. Jose BPS801
  818. Sardana M948
  819. Sarker AR867
  820. Sarmientosuarez R949
  821. Sarrafzadegan N415, 841
  822. Sartorius B845
  823. Sarvi S185
  824. Sathian B950, 951
  825. Satpathy M952, 953
  826. Sawant AR728, 954
  827. Sawhney M955
  828. Saylan M956
  829. Sayyah M141
  830. Schaeffner E197
  831. Schmidt MI506
  832. Schneider IJC957
  833. Schottker B422
  834. Schutte AE90, 959
  835. Schwebel DC727
  836. Schwendicke F198
  837. Scott JG92, 560
  838. Seedat S88
  839. Sekerija M960, 961
  840. Sepanlou SG38, 803
  841. Serre ML962
  842. Servanmori E430
  843. Seyedmousavi S44, 378
  844. Shabaninejad H241
  845. Shaddick G963
  846. Shafieesabet A964
  847. Shahbazi M379
  848. Shaheen AA966
  849. Shaikh MA691
  850. Levy TS596
  851. Shamsbeyranvand M27
  852. Shamsi M133
  853. Sharafi H545
  854. Sharafi K136
  855. Sharif M285, 732
  856. Sharifalhoseini M43
  857. Sharifi H690
  858. Sharma J480
  859. Sharma M811
  860. Sharma R652
  861. She J529
  862. Sheikh A305, 441
  863. Shi P855
  864. Shibuya K266
  865. Shiferaw MS14
  866. Shigematsu M843
  867. Shin MJ741
  868. Shiri R767
  869. Shirkoohi R40, 45
  870. Shiue I817
  871. Shokraneh F388
  872. Shoman H384
  873. Shrime MG308
  874. Shupler MS416
  875. Si S101
  876. Siabani S134, 438
  877. Sibai AM209
  878. Siddiqi TJ724
  879. Sigfusdottir ID653, 749
  880. Sigurvinsdottir R749
  881. Silva DAS957
  882. Silva JP442
  883. Silveira DGA205, 279
  884. Singh JA725, 726
  885. Singh NP419
  886. Singh V493
  887. Sinha DN380, 727
  888. Skiadaresi E813
  889. Skirbekk V754
  890. Smith DL1, 2
  891. Smith M1
  892. Sobaih BH163, 380
  893. Sobhani S46
  894. Somayaji R12, 375
  895. Soofi M131
  896. Sorensen RJD1, 4
  897. Soriano JB374, 893
  898. Soyiri IN441
  899. Spinelli A447
  900. Sposato LA629
  901. Sreeramareddy CT161
  902. Srinivasan V1
  903. Starodubov VI509
  904. Steckling N316, 319
  905. Stein DJ91, 715
  906. Stein MB510
  907. Stevanovic G291, 292
  908. Stockfelt L909
  909. Stokes MA279
  910. Sturua L298
  911. Subart ML1
  912. Sudaryanto A259
  913. Sufiyan MB843
  914. Sulo G754
  915. Sunguya BF255, 389
  916. Sur PJ1, 187
  917. Sykes BL485
  918. Szoeke CEI402, 455
  919. Tabaresseisdedos R138, 221
  920. Tabuchi T328
  921. Tadakamadla SK524
  922. Takahashi K449, 550
  923. Tandon N694
  924. Tassew SG73
  925. Tavakkoli M564
  926. Taveira N666, 771
  927. Tehranibanihashemi A239, 242
  928. Tekalign TG20
  929. Tekelemedhin SW73
  930. Tekle MG17
  931. Temesgen H331
  932. Temsah MH163, 459, 460
  933. Temsah O459, 460
  934. Terkawi AS171
  935. Tessema B62
  936. Teweldemedhin M529
  937. Thankappan KR638
  938. Theis A1
  939. Thirunavukkarasu S610
  940. Thomas HJ96, 561
  941. Thomas ML892
  942. Thomas N487
  943. Thurston GD965
  944. Tilahun B60
  945. Tillmann T492
  946. To QG851
  947. Tobollik M915
  948. Tonelli M375
  949. Topormadry R490, 749
  950. Torre AE1
  951. Tortajadagirbes M160, 181
  952. Touvier M363
  953. Tovanipalone MR346
  954. Towbin JA729
  955. Tran BX396
  956. Tran KB296, 729
  957. Truelsen TC485
  958. Truong NT540
  959. Tsadik AG66
  960. Car LT278, 412
  961. Tuzcu EM144, 174
  962. Tymeson HD1
  963. Tyrovolas S639, 641
  964. Ukwaja KN144
  965. Ullah I126, 339
  966. Updike RL1
  967. Usman MS724
  968. Uthman OA599
  969. Vaduganathan M306
  970. Vaezi A184
  971. Valdez PR347, 510
  972. Van Donkelaar A173
  973. Varavikova E341
  974. Varughese S489
  975. Vasankari TJ626
  976. Venkateswaran V307
  977. Venketasubramanian N693, 797
  978. Villafaina S108
  979. Violante FS92, 567
  980. Vladimirov SK106
  981. Vlassov V149
  982. Vollset SE1, 2
  983. Vos T1, 2
  984. Vosoughi K239, 286
  985. Vu GT826
  986. Vujcic IS294
  987. Wagnew FS329
  988. Waheed Y186
  989. Waller SG350
  990. Walson JL4
  991. Wang Y347, 777
  992. Wang Y347, 777
  993. Wang YP778, 796
  994. Weiderpass E247, 393
  995. Weintraub RG400, 611
  996. Weldegebreal F16
  997. Werdecker A103, 856
  998. Werkneh AA72
  999. West JJ962
  1000. Westerman R857
  1001. Whiteford HA1, 97
  1002. Widecka J830
  1003. Wijeratne T261, 404
  1004. Winkler AS310, 746
  1005. Wiyeh AB713
  1006. Wiysonge CS86, 713
  1007. Wolfe CDA357, 517
  1008. Wong TY344
  1009. Wu S404
  1010. Xavier D640
  1011. Xu G726
  1012. Yadgir S1
  1013. Yadollahpour A142
  1014. Jabbari SHY138
  1015. Yamada T267
  1016. Yan LL684
  1017. Yano Y570
  1018. Yaseri M35, 148
  1019. Yasin YJ307, 350
  1020. Yeshaneh A128
  1021. Yimer EM66
  1022. Yip P457, 458
  1023. Yisma E352
  1024. Yonemoto N725
  1025. Yoon SJ740
  1026. Yotebieng M420, 625
  1027. Younis MZ71, 613
  1028. Yousefifard M243
  1029. Yu C66, 67
  1030. Zaidi Z22
  1031. Zaman SB868
  1032. Zamani M380
  1033. Zavalaarciniega L433
  1034. Zhang AL545
  1035. Zhang H507
  1036. Zhang K397
  1037. Zhou M2, 779
  1038. Zimsen SRM1
  1039. Zodpey S119
  1040. Murray CJL1, 2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
  2. 2. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology, United States
  4. 4. Department of Global Health, United States
  5. 5. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
  6. 6. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, United States
  7. 7. Department of Neurology, United States
  8. 8. Division of Plastic Surgery, United States
  9. 9. Department of Surgery, United States
  10. 10. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Education, United States
  11. 11. Division of Cardiology, United States
  12. 12. Department of Medicine, United States
  13. 13. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  14. 14. School of Pharmacy, United States
  15. 15. Department of Pediatrics, United States
  16. 16. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, United States
  17. 17. School of Public Health, United States
  18. 18. School of Nursing and Midwifery, United States
  19. 19. College of Health and Medical Sciences, United States
  20. 20. Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  21. 21. Department of Population and Family Health, United States
  22. 22. Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  23. 23. Mycobacteriology Research Center, United States
  24. 24. Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, United States
  25. 25. Department of Technology and Environmental Health Sciences, United States
  26. 26. Ethiopia Department of Law Philosophy and Economic Studies, Jimma University, Jimma, Rome, Italy
  27. 27. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States
  28. 28. Department of Health, United States
  29. 29. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, United States
  30. 30. Department of Health Management and Economics, United States
  31. 31. Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, United States
  32. 32. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Iran
  33. 33. School of Medicine, United States
  34. 34. Department of Pharmacology, United States
  35. 35. Department of Biostatistics, United States
  36. 36. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, United States
  37. 37. Knowledge Utilization Research Center, United States
  38. 38. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States
  39. 39. Iran National Institute of Health Research, Iran
  40. 40. Cancer Research Center, United States
  41. 41. Uro-oncology Research Center, United States
  42. 42. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iran
  43. 43. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
  44. 44. Center of Expertise in Microbiology, United States
  45. 45. Cancer Biology Research Center, United States
  46. 46. Department of Anatomy, United States
  47. 47. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, United States
  48. 48. Community-Based Participatory-Research Center, United States
  49. 49. Iran Montreal Neuroimaging Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  50. 50. Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada
  51. 51. Canada
  52. 52. Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  53. 53. Department of Medical Parasitology, Canada
  54. 54. Egypt
  55. 55. Department of Epidemiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Arak, Egypt
  56. 56. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  57. 57. Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
  58. 58. Department of Clinical Chemistry, India
  59. 59. Human Nutrition Department, United States
  60. 60. Institute Public of Health, United States
  61. 61. Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
  62. 62. Department of Medical Microbiology, United States
  63. 63. Ethiopia
  64. 64. School of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  65. 65. Clinical Pharmacy Unit, United States
  66. 66. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, United States
  67. 67. Global Health Institute, United States
  68. 68. Anatomy Unit, United States
  69. 69. Biomedical Sciences Division, United States
  70. 70. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, United States
  71. 71. Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  72. 72. Department of Environmental Health Science, United States
  73. 73. Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  74. 74. Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
  75. 75. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, United States
  76. 76. Department of Health Sciences, United States
  77. 77. Ethiopia School of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ondo, Nigeria
  78. 78. Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  79. 79. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
  80. 80. Department of Epidemiology, United States
  81. 81. Benin Clinical Research Institute (IRCB), Benin
  82. 82. Cotonou, Benin
  83. 83. Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea
  84. 84. Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha, Nepal
  85. 85. Nepal Development Society, Pokhara, Nepal
  86. 86. Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
  87. 87. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States
  88. 88. Department of Psychiatry, United States
  89. 89. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  90. 90. Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, United States
  91. 91. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  92. 92. Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  93. 93. School of Dentistry, United States
  94. 94. Institute for Social Science Research, United States
  95. 95. Queensland Brain Institute, Australia
  96. 96. Centre for Clinical Research, United States
  97. 97. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  98. 98. University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  99. 99. Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, Nigeria
  100. 100. Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
  101. 101. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
  102. 102. Department Preventive Medicine, United States
  103. 103. Staufenberg, Germany
  104. 104. Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, United States
  105. 105. Australia Emergency Department, Monash University, Saint Mark Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  106. 106. Department of Information and Internet Technologies, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  107. 107. College of Health Science and Medicine, United States
  108. 108. Ethiopia Sport Science Department, Wolaita Sodo University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  109. 109. University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
  110. 110. Department of Public Health, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
  111. 111. Health of the Zio, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Tsevie, Togo
  112. 112. Department of Family Medicine, United States
  113. 113. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, United States
  114. 114. Canada Department of Zoology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  115. 115. Research Group of Molecular Parasitology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, Yerevan, Armenia
  116. 116. Research Area for Informatics and Big Data, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
  117. 117. Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  118. 118. Non Communicable Diseases, United States
  119. 119. Indian Institute of Public Health, India
  120. 120. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  121. 121. Vital Strategies, Gurugram, India
  122. 122. Department of Anesthesiology, United States
  123. 123. Department of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, United States
  124. 124. Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, United States
  125. 125. Faculty of Public Health, United States
  126. 126. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  127. 127. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, United States
  128. 128. Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  129. 129. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, United States
  130. 130. Department of Health Education and Promotion, United States
  131. 131. Environmental Determinants of Health Research Center, United States
  132. 132. Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, United States
  133. 133. Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States
  134. 134. Imam Ali Cardiovascular Research Center, United States
  135. 135. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
  136. 136. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  137. 137. Environmental Technologies Research Center, United States
  138. 138. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  139. 139. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, United States
  140. 140. Department of Neurosurgery, United States
  141. 141. Education Development Center, United States
  142. 142. Medical Physics Department, United States
  143. 143. Iran Department of Ophthalmology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  144. 144. Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  145. 145. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, United States
  146. 146. Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, United States
  147. 147. Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Cardiovascular Medicine, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  148. 148. Ophthalmic Research Center, United States
  149. 149. National Research University Higher School of Economics, Department of Health Care Administration and Economy, Moscow, Russian Federation
  150. 150. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, United States
  151. 151. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  152. 152. Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
  153. 153. University of Kentucky, Department of Epidemiology, Lexington, KY, United States
  154. 154. Centre for Global Child Health, United States
  155. 155. Hospital for Sick Children, United States
  156. 156. Department of Nutritional Sciences, United States
  157. 157. Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada
  158. 158. Canada
  159. 159. Internal Medicine Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, MO, United States
  160. 160. Clinical Epidemiology Center, VA St Louis Health Care System, United States
  161. 161. Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  162. 162. Department of Veterans Affairs, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, St Louis, MO, United States
  163. 163. Pediatric Department, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
  164. 164. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  165. 165. Medical Research Center, United States
  166. 166. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  167. 167. Department of Medical Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
  168. 168. Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Evidence BasedPractice Center, Rochester, MN, United States
  169. 169. Research Committee, Syrian American Medical Society, Washington, United States
  170. 170. School of Global Health, United States
  171. 171. Anesthesiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
  172. 172. University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  173. 173. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, United States
  174. 174. Cleveland Clinic, Dalhousie University, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
  175. 175. Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Iran
  176. 176. Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Mumbai, India
  177. 177. Iran
  178. 178. Research School of Population Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  179. 179. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australia
  180. 180. Australia Monitoring Evaluation and Learning Unit, Australian National University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  181. 181. Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States
  182. 182. Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  183. 183. Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, United States
  184. 184. Department of Medical Mycology, United States
  185. 185. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, United States
  186. 186. Foundation University Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  187. 187. University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
  188. 188. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, United States
  189. 189. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, United States
  190. 190. Immunogenetics Research Center, United States
  191. 191. Department of Immunology, United States
  192. 192. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  193. 193. Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
  194. 194. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  195. 195. Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
  196. 196. University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
  197. 197. Institute of Public Health, United States
  198. 198. Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, United States
  199. 199. Charite University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  200. 200. Research Group on Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  201. 201. Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, University of Coast, Barranquilla, Colombia
  202. 202. Sansom Institute, Australia
  203. 203. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, Australia
  204. 204. South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia Bahir Dar University, Adelaide, Australia
  205. 205. Department of Health Industrial Complex and Innovation in Health, United States
  206. 206. Federal Ministry of Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  207. 207. Faculty of Health Sciences, United States
  208. 208. Center for Research on Population and Health, United States
  209. 209. Department Population Health, United States
  210. 210. Lebanon Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
  211. 211. Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  212. 212. Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania
  213. 213. Department of General Surgery, United States
  214. 214. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, United States
  215. 215. Anatomy and Embryology Department, United States
  216. 216. Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  217. 217. University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
  218. 218. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  219. 219. Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  220. 220. Social of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  221. 221. Madrid, Spain
  222. 222. Department of Midwifery, United States
  223. 223. Tuberculosis Department, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  224. 224. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  225. 225. Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
  226. 226. Department of Health Policy and Administration, United States
  227. 227. Development and Communication Studies, United States
  228. 228. Philippines
  229. 229. Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  230. 230. School of Nursing, United States
  231. 231. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China Independent Consultant, Kabul, Afghanistan
  232. 232. Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Adum, Ghana
  233. 233. School of Medical Sciences, United States
  234. 234. Department of Sociology and Social Work, United States
  235. 235. Center for International Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  236. 236. Health Management and Economics Research Center, United States
  237. 237. Department of Ophthalmology, United States
  238. 238. Air Pollution Research Center, United States
  239. 239. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, United States
  240. 240. Department of Neuroscience, United States
  241. 241. Department of Health Policy, United States
  242. 242. Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  243. 243. Physiology Research Center, United States
  244. 244. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  245. 245. School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  246. 246. Department of Neurobiology, United States
  247. 247. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
  248. 248. Department of Public Health Sciences, United States
  249. 249. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, United States
  250. 250. Karolinska Institutet, School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Stockholm, Sweden
  251. 251. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  252. 252. Monitoring Evaluation and Operational Research Project, Abt Inc. Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
  253. 253. Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  254. 254. School of Business, United States
  255. 255. Department of Community Health, United States
  256. 256. Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  257. 257. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  258. 258. Judith Lumley Centre, Australia
  259. 259. Department of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Kartasura, Indonesia
  260. 260. Austin Clinical School of Nursing, United States
  261. 261. Department of Psychology and Counselling, United States
  262. 262. Australia
  263. 263. General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
  264. 264. Department of Community and Global Health, United States
  265. 265. Department of Mental Health, United States
  266. 266. Department of Global Health Policy, United States
  267. 267. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, United States
  268. 268. Japan
  269. 269. Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  270. 270. Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
  271. 271. Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  272. 272. Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran
  273. 273. Public Health Risk Sciences Division, United States
  274. 274. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, United States
  275. 275. Applied Research Division, United States
  276. 276. Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Canada Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Public Health Agency of Canada, Chennai, India
  277. 277. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Syrian Arab Republic
  278. 278. Syrian Expatriate Medical Association (SEMA), Syrian Arab Republic
  279. 279. Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil
  280. 280. Australia Department of Epidemiology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
  281. 281. Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
  282. 282. Charlottesville, VA, United States
  283. 283. Division of Cardiovascular and Clinical Epidemiology, United States
  284. 284. Department of Radiology, United States
  285. 285. Department of Laboratory Sciences, United States
  286. 286. Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, United States
  287. 287. Department of Hypertension, Johns Hopkins University, Lodz, Poland
  288. 288. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  289. 289. Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  290. 290. Department of Transplant Services, University Hospital Foundation Santa Fe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
  291. 291. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia
  292. 292. Faculty of Medicine, United States
  293. 293. Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, United States
  294. 294. Faculty of Medicine Institute of Epidemiology, United States
  295. 295. School of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  296. 296. Molecular Medicine and Pathology, United States
  297. 297. University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  298. 298. Non-communicable Diseases Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
  299. 299. Medical Clinic V, United States
  300. 300. Augenpraxis Jonas, Switzerland
  301. 301. Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  302. 302. Department of Nutrition, United States
  303. 303. Ariadne Labs, United States
  304. 304. Department of Genetics, United States
  305. 305. Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, United States
  306. 306. Heart and Vascular Center, United States
  307. 307. Department of Earth Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  308. 308. Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  309. 309. Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
  310. 310. Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
  311. 311. Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, United States
  312. 312. Melbourne Medical School, Stanford University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  313. 313. Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  314. 314. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  315. 315. Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  316. 316. Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria
  317. 317. Department of Renal Medicine, United States
  318. 318. Department of Oncology, United States
  319. 319. Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, University Hospital Munich, Social and Environmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
  320. 320. Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
  321. 321. Social Determinants of Health Center, United States
  322. 322. Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  323. 323. University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
  324. 324. University of Burgundy, Dijon Stroke Registry - Ufr Sciences Sante, Dijon, France
  325. 325. Public Health Department, United States
  326. 326. Pharmacy Department, United States
  327. 327. Mizan- Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia
  328. 328. Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
  329. 329. Department of Nursing, United States
  330. 330. College of Health Sciences, United States
  331. 331. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  332. 332. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, United States
  333. 333. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, United States
  334. 334. Yale University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
  335. 335. Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom
  336. 336. Nuffield Department of Medicine, United Kingdom
  337. 337. Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, United Kingdom
  338. 338. Big Data Institute, United Kingdom
  339. 339. TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  340. 340. University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  341. 341. Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, United States
  342. 342. Division of Ophthalmology, United States
  343. 343. Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital, United States
  344. 344. Singapore National Eye Centre, Medical Retina, Singapore
  345. 345. Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, United States
  346. 346. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, United States
  347. 347. Argentine Society of Medicine, Ciudad De Buenos Aires, Argentina
  348. 348. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, United States
  349. 349. Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science, University of Sao Paulo, NY, United States
  350. 350. Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
  351. 351. Department of Pharmacy, United States
  352. 352. School of Allied Health Sciences, United States
  353. 353. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  354. 354. Dental Institute, United States
  355. 355. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, United States
  356. 356. Division of Patient and Population, United States
  357. 357. School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, United States
  358. 358. Hubert Department of Global Health, King's College London, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  359. 359. University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  360. 360. Institutes of Applied Health Research and Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  361. 361. University of Birmingham, IAHR/ITM, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  362. 362. Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health (FRIHOI), Russian Federation
  363. 363. Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
  364. 364. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Chandigarh, India
  365. 365. Department of Health Services Research and Policy, United States
  366. 366. Department of Medical Statistics, United States
  367. 367. Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, United States
  368. 368. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  369. 369. Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Patan, Nepal
  370. 370. Center for Excellence in Women and Child Health, United States
  371. 371. Human Development Programme, United States
  372. 372. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  373. 373. Health Research Institute, United States
  374. 374. Health Research Institute of University Hospital de la Princesa, Service of Pulmonology, Madrid, Spain
  375. 375. University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  376. 376. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, United States
  377. 377. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, United States
  378. 378. Immunoregulation Research Center, United States
  379. 379. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States
  380. 380. Pediatric Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  381. 381. Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  382. 382. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
  383. 383. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, United States
  384. 384. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, United States
  385. 385. Imperial College London, UWoldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  386. 386. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Bangladesh
  387. 387. Research Triangle Institute International, Global Health Division, NC, United States
  388. 388. University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
  389. 389. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  390. 390. A T Still University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  391. 391. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, United States
  392. 392. Department of Psychosocial Science, United States
  393. 393. Department of Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  394. 394. Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
  395. 395. Oregon Health and Science University, Radiation Medicine, Portland, OR, United States
  396. 396. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  397. 397. Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, United States
  398. 398. Centre for Adolescent Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  399. 399. Population Health Group, United States
  400. 400. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  401. 401. School of Population and Global Health, United States
  402. 402. School of Health Sciences, United States
  403. 403. Department of Paediatrics, United States
  404. 404. Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
  405. 405. University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  406. 406. Department of Vital and Health Statistics, United States
  407. 407. Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, United States
  408. 408. Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
  409. 409. Transport and Road Safety Research, Australia
  410. 410. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australia
  411. 411. School of Community Medicine, United States
  412. 412. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
  413. 413. School of Psychiatry, United States
  414. 414. Vision and Eye Research Unit, University of New South Wales, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  415. 415. School of Population and Public Health, United States
  416. 416. Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, United States
  417. 417. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  418. 418. Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
  419. 419. Max Hospital, Ghaziabad, India
  420. 420. College of Public Health, United States
  421. 421. Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Department, United States
  422. 422. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Ohio State University, Heidelberg, Germany
  423. 423. Committee for Comprehensive Assessment of Medical Devices and Information Technology, Health Technology Assessment Inc, Moscow, Russian Federation
  424. 424. Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, Neuroscience Department, City Of Knowledge, Panama
  425. 425. Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, United States
  426. 426. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama
  427. 427. Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  428. 428. Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  429. 429. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  430. 430. Center for Health Systems Research, United States
  431. 431. Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, United States
  432. 432. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, United States
  433. 433. Department of Tobacco Research, United States
  434. 434. United States
  435. 435. National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  436. 436. Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  437. 437. Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
  438. 438. School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  439. 439. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, United States
  440. 440. REQUIMTE/LAQV, Portugal
  441. 441. Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  442. 442. UCIBIO, Portugal
  443. 443. Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, United States
  444. 444. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Portugal
  445. 445. University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  446. 446. National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, United States
  447. 447. National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, United States
  448. 448. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
  449. 449. Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  450. 450. Costa Rican Department of Social Security, National University of Colombia, Area de Estadistica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  451. 451. School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
  452. 452. Department of Health Planning and Economics, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  453. 453. Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australia
  454. 454. Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, United States
  455. 455. Brain Institute, United States
  456. 456. Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  457. 457. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, United States
  458. 458. University of Hong Kong, China
  459. 459. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  460. 460. National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Zhunan Township, Taiwan
  461. 461. College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  462. 462. NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, United States
  463. 463. Department of Development Studies, United States
  464. 464. Department of Population Studies, United States
  465. 465. Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, United States
  466. 466. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  467. 467. Faculty of Medical Sciences, United States
  468. 468. Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, United States
  469. 469. University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
  470. 470. Department of Statistics, United States
  471. 471. Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, United States
  472. 472. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
  473. 473. Clinical Governance, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
  474. 474. Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
  475. 475. Department of Paediatric Cardiology, United States
  476. 476. Epidemiology and Disease Control, United States
  477. 477. Research Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Saudi Arabia
  478. 478. NCD Prevention and Control Unit, United States
  479. 479. Health and Disability Intelligence Group, United States
  480. 480. Policy and Planning Division, United States
  481. 481. Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  482. 482. Seoul National University Hospital, Biochemistry, Biomedical Science, Seoul, South Korea
  483. 483. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  484. 484. Institute of Clinical Medicine and Bispebjerg Hospital, United States
  485. 485. Department of Criminology, University of California Irvine, Law and Society, Irvine, CA, United States
  486. 486. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  487. 487. Department of Endocrinology, Denmark
  488. 488. Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), United States
  489. 489. Vellore, India
  490. 490. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, United States
  491. 491. Department of Health Informatics, United States
  492. 492. Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, United States
  493. 493. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
  494. 494. Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  495. 495. Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
  496. 496. Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States
  497. 497. Faculty of Education, United States
  498. 498. Institute of Physical Activity and Health, United States
  499. 499. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Autonomous University of Chile, Talca, Chile
  500. 500. University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  501. 501. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
  502. 502. School of Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
  503. 503. T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
  504. 504. Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
  505. 505. Atlanta, GA, United States
  506. 506. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, United States
  507. 507. Department of Preventive Dentistry, United States
  508. 508. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  509. 509. Russian Federation
  510. 510. Velez Sarsfield Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  511. 511. Internal Medicine Department, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  512. 512. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States
  513. 513. Department of Reproductive Health, United States
  514. 514. Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  515. 515. Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
  516. 516. ClinicalToxicology Service, United States
  517. 517. Biomedical Research Council, United States
  518. 518. Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, James P Grant School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
  519. 519. Research and Evaluation Division, United States
  520. 520. BRAC University, Thiruvarur, India
  521. 521. Department of Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf Pantelimon, Bucharest, Romania
  522. 522. Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  523. 523. Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Australia
  524. 524. Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia
  525. 525. Griffith University, Aurora, CO, United States
  526. 526. US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Dermatology Service, United States
  527. 527. Denver, CO, United States
  528. 528. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, United States
  529. 529. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, United States
  530. 530. Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Department of Global Health and Infection, Aksum University, Brighton, United Kingdom
  531. 531. National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  532. 532. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
  533. 533. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  534. 534. Disha Foundation, Gurgaon, India
  535. 535. University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  536. 536. Health Research Section, United States
  537. 537. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, United States
  538. 538. Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  539. 539. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  540. 540. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  541. 541. Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
  542. 542. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  543. 543. Faculty of Social Sciences, United States
  544. 544. Department of Molecular Hepatology, Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran
  545. 545. Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
  546. 546. Sydney School of Public Health, Australia
  547. 547. Institute of Bone and Joint Research, United States
  548. 548. Sydney Medical School, Australia
  549. 549. Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, United States
  550. 550. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  551. 551. United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India
  552. 552. Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  553. 553. Roberto Santos General Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
  554. 554. Department of Nursing, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  555. 555. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  556. 556. University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
  557. 557. Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
  558. 558. Public Health Department, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  559. 559. Policy and Epidemiology Group, United States
  560. 560. Child and Youth Mental Health, United States
  561. 561. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  562. 562. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  563. 563. College of Medicine, United States
  564. 564. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
  565. 565. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Louisville, KY, United States
  566. 566. National Statistical Office, Lisbon, Portugal
  567. 567. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  568. 568. Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  569. 569. Social Determinants of Health Research, United States
  570. 570. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  571. 571. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, United States
  572. 572. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
  573. 573. Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
  574. 574. Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
  575. 575. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  576. 576. Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
  577. 577. Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
  578. 578. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  579. 579. Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Cancer Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  580. 580. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  581. 581. Epidemiology and Public Health, United States
  582. 582. Malaria Vaccines, United States
  583. 583. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  584. 584. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
  585. 585. National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), United States
  586. 586. Tbilisi, Georgia
  587. 587. Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica, Mozambique
  588. 588. Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  589. 589. Wageningen University and Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
  590. 590. Department of Health Care Policy and Management, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  591. 591. Institute for Global Health Sciences, United States
  592. 592. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, United States
  593. 593. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bronchitis Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  594. 594. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Kolkata, India
  595. 595. Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Ageing-associated Diseases, United States
  596. 596. Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, United States
  597. 597. National Public Health Institute, Texas Tech University, TX, United States
  598. 598. Unit of Academic Primary Care, United States
  599. 599. Division of Health Sciences, United States
  600. 600. Adelaide Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  601. 601. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  602. 602. Department of Community and Family Medicine, United States
  603. 603. Division of General Internal Medicine, United States
  604. 604. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
  605. 605. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  606. 606. Center for Study of Regional Development, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
  607. 607. Nursing and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
  608. 608. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
  609. 609. Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
  610. 610. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  611. 611. Cardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  612. 612. Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  613. 613. Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  614. 614. Department of Microbiology, United States
  615. 615. Saint James School of Medicine, Commissioner of Public Health, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, WV, United States
  616. 616. Department of Health Policy, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Management and Leadership, Morgantown, WV, United States
  617. 617. Academics and Research, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India
  618. 618. Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Department of Preventive Cardiology, Jaipur, India
  619. 619. Department of Cardiology, United States
  620. 620. Department of Population Health, United States
  621. 621. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
  622. 622. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
  623. 623. Ramon de la Fuente Muniz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
  624. 624. Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  625. 625. University of Kinshasa, School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Congo
  626. 626. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  627. 627. Netherlands
  628. 628. Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  629. 629. Clinical Neurological Sciences, United States
  630. 630. Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, ON, Canada
  631. 631. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  632. 632. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  633. 633. Population Health Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
  634. 634. Neurology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
  635. 635. Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, China
  636. 636. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, United States
  637. 637. Cardiology Department, Sun Yat-sen University, China
  638. 638. Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, United States
  639. 639. Research and Development Unit, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
  640. 640. Department of Pharmacology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  641. 641. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
  642. 642. Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, United States
  643. 643. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  644. 644. Tabriz, Iran
  645. 645. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
  646. 646. Clinical Sciences Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  647. 647. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
  648. 648. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  649. 649. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  650. 650. Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  651. 651. Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  652. 652. University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
  653. 653. Department of Health and Behavior Studies, United States
  654. 654. Division of Scientific Programs, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
  655. 655. Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, United States
  656. 656. National Institutes of Health, University of Texas Austin, TX, United States
  657. 657. School of Health, United States
  658. 658. Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, United States
  659. 659. Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Manipal, India
  660. 660. University of Human Development, United States
  661. 661. Department of Computer Science, United States
  662. 662. University of Human Development, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
  663. 663. Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
  664. 664. Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia
  665. 665. Central South University, Changsha, China
  666. 666. University Institute Egas Moniz, Monte Da Caparica, Portugal
  667. 667. National Centre for Register-Based Research, United States
  668. 668. Section of Population Health Metrics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  669. 669. International Center for Nutrition and Information, United States
  670. 670. National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, University of Liberia, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
  671. 671. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, United States
  672. 672. Global Health and Development Department, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
  673. 673. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, United States
  674. 674. Taiwan Surveillance and Health Services Research, Taipei Medical University, American Cancer Society, Taipei City, Taiwan
  675. 675. Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
  676. 676. Department of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control Delhi, Delhi, India
  677. 677. Medical Sciences Department, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  678. 678. Faculty of Graduate Studies, United States
  679. 679. Institute of Medicine, United States
  680. 680. University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
  681. 681. Cardio-Metabolic Group, United States
  682. 682. George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
  683. 683. Environmental Research Center, United States
  684. 684. Global Health Research Center, United States
  685. 685. Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Duke Kunshan University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
  686. 686. New South Wales Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  687. 687. University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  688. 688. Centre for Community Medicine, United States
  689. 689. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, United States
  690. 690. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
  691. 691. Karachi, Pakistan
  692. 692. Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
  693. 693. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
  694. 694. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, United States
  695. 695. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Czestochowa University of Technology, New Delhi, India
  696. 696. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  697. 697. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  698. 698. University College Cork, School of Public Health, Cork, Ireland
  699. 699. Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
  700. 700. Department of Nephrology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
  701. 701. Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department for Epidemiology, Braunschweig, Germany
  702. 702. Quality and Equity Healthcare, Kigali, Rwanda
  703. 703. School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, United States
  704. 704. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
  705. 705. MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  706. 706. School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
  707. 707. University of Tulsa, Health Care Delivery Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
  708. 708. ODeL Campus, Kenya
  709. 709. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  710. 710. Department of Linguistics and Germanic, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
  711. 711. Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, United States
  712. 712. Alcohol, Tobacco and other Drug Use Research Unit, South Africa
  713. 713. Cochrane South Africa, South Africa
  714. 714. Medical Research Council South Africa, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
  715. 715. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, United States
  716. 716. Institute of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Assuta Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
  717. 717. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
  718. 718. CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
  719. 719. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan
  720. 720. Department of Statistics, Omidiyeh Branch, Azad University, Iran
  721. 721. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  722. 722. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  723. 723. Jr Hospital of Cook County, John H Stroger, Chicago, IL, United States
  724. 724. Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
  725. 725. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
  726. 726. Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
  727. 727. School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
  728. 728. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  729. 729. Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  730. 730. University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
  731. 731. Institute of Health Policy and Management, United States
  732. 732. Department of Basic Sciences, United States
  733. 733. International Otorhinolaryngology Research Association, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  734. 734. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, United States
  735. 735. Department of Clinical Sciences, United States
  736. 736. Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  737. 737. Research and Data Solutions, Nairobi, Kenya
  738. 738. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
  739. 739. Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  740. 740. Department of Preventive Medicine, United States
  741. 741. Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  742. 742. Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  743. 743. Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, United States
  744. 744. Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  745. 745. Department of Health Management and Health Economics, United States
  746. 746. Institute of Health and Society, United States
  747. 747. Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  748. 748. Department of Health Economics and Social Security, United States
  749. 749. Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
  750. 750. Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  751. 751. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  752. 752. Centre for Disease Burden, United States
  753. 753. Division of Mental and Physical Health, United States
  754. 754. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
  755. 755. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  756. 756. Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
  757. 757. Jakarta, Indonesia
  758. 758. Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
  759. 759. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  760. 760. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  761. 761. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, United States
  762. 762. Department of Demography, United States
  763. 763. University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  764. 764. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  765. 765. Department of Food Technology, Ghent University, Safety and Health, Ghent, Belgium
  766. 766. Population and Work Ability Program, United States
  767. 767. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  768. 768. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq
  769. 769. HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States
  770. 770. Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Relaciones Internacionales, Queretaro, Mexico
  771. 771. Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  772. 772. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, United States
  773. 773. Regional Centre for Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  774. 774. University of Florence, Florence, Italy
  775. 775. Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  776. 776. Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
  777. 777. National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China
  778. 778. National Center of Birth Defects Monitoring of China, Chengdu, China
  779. 779. Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Center, United States
  780. 780. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
  781. 781. Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc, Quezon City, Philippines
  782. 782. Samara University, Samara, Russian Federation
  783. 783. University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  784. 784. Department of Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
  785. 785. University of Haifa, School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
  786. 786. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Beijing, China
  787. 787. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
  788. 788. Department Clinical Research in Neurology, Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
  789. 789. Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  790. 790. Innovation Office, United States
  791. 791. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NUTRICARD), Germany
  792. 792. Jena, Germany
  793. 793. General Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust (NHS), United Kingdom
  794. 794. Liverpool, United Kingdom
  795. 795. Surgery Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  796. 796. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
  797. 797. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
  798. 798. Nursing School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
  799. 799. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, United States
  800. 800. Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
  801. 801. Post-Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, United States
  802. 802. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  803. 803. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  804. 804. Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  805. 805. Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Neurology Service, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  806. 806. Federal Institute of Education, Campus Caucaia, Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  807. 807. Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  808. 808. University of East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Graduate School, Quezon City, Philippines
  809. 809. National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, United States
  810. 810. Regional Medical Research Centre, United States
  811. 811. Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, United States
  812. 812. Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Bengaluru, India
  813. 813. Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, United Kingdom
  814. 814. National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
  815. 815. Sevenhills Hospital, Mumbai, India
  816. 816. Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, United States
  817. 817. Institute of Medical Epidemiology, United States
  818. 818. Germany
  819. 819. College of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  820. 820. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, United States
  821. 821. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Peru Country Office, Peru
  822. 822. Lima, Peru
  823. 823. Neurocenter, United States
  824. 824. Breast Surgery Unit, United States
  825. 825. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  826. 826. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, United States
  827. 827. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Zagreb, Croatia
  828. 828. Department of Pharmacy, Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  829. 829. Department of Hypertension, United States
  830. 830. Zdroje Hospital, Poland
  831. 831. Emergency Department, United States
  832. 832. Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
  833. 833. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  834. 834. Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, NV, United States
  835. 835. National Institute of Statistics, President's Office, Bucharest, Romania
  836. 836. Faculty of General Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  837. 837. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  838. 838. Institute of Addiction Research, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  839. 839. Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
  840. 840. Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
  841. 841. Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  842. 842. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, United States
  843. 843. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
  844. 844. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  845. 845. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  846. 846. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
  847. 847. Health Research Center, United States
  848. 848. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Lancaster, United Kingdom
  849. 849. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, United States
  850. 850. Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Australia
  851. 851. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, United States
  852. 852. Hospital Center of Porto, Queensland University of Technology, Santo Antonio Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  853. 853. 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  854. 854. Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
  855. 855. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  856. 856. Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, United States
  857. 857. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up, United States
  858. 858. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  859. 859. Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
  860. 860. Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kolkata, India
  861. 861. School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
  862. 862. Pediatrics Department, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
  863. 863. Institute of Mother and Child Care, Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Multan, Pakistan
  864. 864. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States
  865. 865. Department of Entomology, United States
  866. 866. Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  867. 867. Health Economics and Financing Research Group, United States
  868. 868. Maternal and Child Health Division, United States
  869. 869. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  870. 870. Department of Public Heath, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
  871. 871. Cardiology Department, Bucharest, Romania
  872. 872. Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Neurosciences Department, Kilifi, Kenya
  873. 873. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  874. 874. Health Economics and Finance, United States
  875. 875. Department of Health Economics, United States
  876. 876. Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  877. 877. Department of Sociology and Institute for Empirical Social Science Research, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  878. 878. Public Health Science Department, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
  879. 879. Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
  880. 880. Institute of Advanced Research, Aix-Marseille University, France
  881. 881. Accra, Ghana
  882. 882. School of Social Sciences and Psychology, United States
  883. 883. Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
  884. 884. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
  885. 885. Human Sciences Research Council, Department of HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB, Durban, South Africa
  886. 886. Oshakati Campus, University of Namibia, Namibia
  887. 887. University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  888. 888. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi, Nigeria
  889. 889. Institute of Health Science, University of Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
  890. 890. Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
  891. 891. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  892. 892. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
  893. 893. Pneumology Service, United States
  894. 894. Institute for Health Research Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  895. 895. St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
  896. 896. Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
  897. 897. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow State University, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  898. 898. Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  899. 899. Department of TB and Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
  900. 900. University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
  901. 901. Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
  902. 902. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
  903. 903. Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
  904. 904. Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, India
  905. 905. International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India
  906. 906. HIV/AIDS Program, Health, Nutrition, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
  907. 907. Cartagena University, Cartagena, Colombia
  908. 908. Glenelg, SA, Australia
  909. 909. Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  910. 910. University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  911. 911. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  912. 912. Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
  913. 913. Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
  914. 914. Department of Environmental Hygiene, United States
  915. 915. German Federal Environment Agency, Dessau-Roblau, Germany
  916. 916. University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  917. 917. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  918. 918. Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
  919. 919. Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
  920. 920. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  921. 921. Medichem, Barcelona, Spain
  922. 922. Contech School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lahore, Pakistan
  923. 923. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  924. 924. Department of Economics, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
  925. 925. Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
  926. 926. Department of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
  927. 927. Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, South Korea
  928. 928. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  929. 929. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  930. 930. Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
  931. 931. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  932. 932. Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
  933. 933. Department OfClinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  934. 934. Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  935. 935. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
  936. 936. Ikiam Amazon Regional University, Biotechnology, Ciudad De Tena, Ecuador
  937. 937. Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
  938. 938. Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
  939. 939. Medical Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  940. 940. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  941. 941. College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  942. 942. Faculty of Health, School of Health and Policy Management, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
  943. 943. Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Anarkali, Pakistan
  944. 944. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  945. 945. Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  946. 946. Jimenez Diaz Foundation University Hospital Institute for Health Research, Nephrology Group, Madrid, Spain
  947. 947. Regional Health Administration Do Norte I P, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal
  948. 948. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
  949. 949. Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
  950. 950. Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  951. 951. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  952. 952. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  953. 953. Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
  954. 954. Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
  955. 955. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  956. 956. Istanbul, Turkey
  957. 957. School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil
  958. 958. Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), South Africa
  959. 959. North-west University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  960. 960. Department of Medical Statistics, University of Zagreb, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Zagreb, Croatia
  961. 961. Division of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
  962. 962. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  963. 963. Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
  964. 964. Langone Medical Center, United States
  965. 965. Institute of Environmental Medicine, United States
  966. 966. Public Health Division, New York University, New York, NY, United States

Source: The Lancet Published:2018


Abstract

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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