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3D Printed Polylactic Acid-Based Nanocomposite Scaffold Stuffed With Microporous Simvastatin-Loaded Polyelectrolyte for Craniofacial Reconstruction Publisher Pubmed



Tavakoli M1 ; Salehi H2 ; Emadi R1 ; Varshosaz J3 ; Labbaf S1 ; Seifalian AM4 ; Sharifianjazi F5 ; Mirhaj M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
  5. 5. Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia

Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Published:2024


Abstract

Critical sized craniofacial defects are among the most challenging bone defects to repair, due to the anatomical complexity and aesthetic importance. In this study, a polylactic acid/hardystonite-graphene oxide (PLA/HTGO) scaffold was fabricated through 3D printing. In order to upgrade the 3D printed scaffold to a highly porous scaffold, its channels were filled with pectin-quaternized chitosan (Pec-QCs) polyelectrolyte solution containing 0 or 20 mg/mL of simvastatin (Sim) and then freeze-dried. These scaffolds were named FD and FD-Sim, respectively. Also, similar PLA/HTGO scaffolds were prepared and dip coated with Pec-QCs solution containing 0 or 20 mg/mL of Sim and were named DC and DC-Sim, respectively. The formation of macro/microporous structure was confirmed by morphological investigations. The release of Sim from DC-Sim and FD-Sim scaffolds after 28 days was measured as 77.40 ± 5.25 and 86.02 ± 3.63 %, respectively. Cytocompatibility assessments showed that MG-63 cells had the highest proliferation, attachment and spread on the Sim containing scaffolds, especially FD-Sim. In vivo studies on a rat calvarial defect model revealed that an almost complete recovery occurred in the group treated with FD-Sim scaffold after 8 weeks and the defect was filled with newly formed bone. The results of this study acknowledge that the FD-Sim scaffold can be a perfect candidate for calvarial defect repair. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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