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Possible Mechanisms and Molecular Signaling of Incretins Against the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Publisher Pubmed



Salami R1 ; Salami M1 ; Mafi A2 ; Aarabi MH2 ; Vakili O2 ; Asemi Z3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

Source: Current Molecular Pharmacology Published:2023


Abstract

The increasing number of cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) and related diseases has become a global health concern. In this context, controlling blood glucose levels is critical to pre-vent and/or slow down the development of diabetes-related complications. Incretins, as gut-derived hormones that trigger the post-meal secretion of insulin, are a well-known family of blood glucose modulators. Currently, incretin medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are extensively used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Several experimental and clinical studies illus-trate that these metabolic hormones exert their antidiabetic effects through multiple molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, the current review aims to investigate key mechanisms and signaling pathways, such as the cAMP/PKA, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways, associated with the an-tidiabetic effects of incretins. It also summarizes the outcomes of a group of clinical trials evalu-ating the incretins’ antidiabetic potential in diabetic patients. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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