A Free Enzyme Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Using an Integrated Display to Ceo2 Nps/Ni Mof-Based Sensor to Highly Sensitive Determination of Glucose in Sweat Publisher



Atefi A¹ ; Moradi S¹ ; Salehnia F² ; Hosseini M^{1, 3} Show Affiliations
Source: Microchemical Journal Published:2025

Abstract

The increasing incidence of diabetes, along with the drawbacks of traditional glucose monitoring methods—such as high expenses, the requirement for expert personnel, and invasive procedures—highlights the critical demand for non-invasive glucose monitoring solutions. Although enzyme-based sensors show potential, they frequently suffer from low stability, making them impractical for long-term use. However, recent advancements in nanotechnology and the emergence of nanomaterials with electrocatalytic properties for glucose oxidation have opened avenues for the creation of highly sensitive, enzyme-free platforms for glucose monitoring in the long term. In this context, this study presents the development of a enzyme-free sensor for monitoring glucose levels in sweat, utilizing the electrocatalytic properties of Nickel MOF for glucose oxidation, alongside the high conductivity of CeO2 nanoparticles. The platform demonstrated significant potential for development as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor for sweat, exhibiting long-term stability. This platform shows great potential to be developed as a continuous sweat glucose sensor for further investigations. The morphology and structure of Ni-MOF and CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Amperometry and cyclic voltammetry analyses indicate that the non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits exceptional electrochemical characteristics, with a low detection limit of 0.03 mM, a high sensitivity of 2488 µA mM−1 cm−2, and a wide linear range of 0.04 mM to 1.2 mM. Results from real sample analyses suggest that the Ni-MOF/CeO2 electrode is a promising candidate for sweat glucose sensing. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.