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The Global Burden of Cancer Attributable to Risk Factors, 2010–19: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Tran KB1, 2 ; Lang JJ3 ; Compton K4 ; Xu R4 ; Acheson AR4 ; Henrikson HJ4, 12 ; Kocarnik JM4 ; Penberthy L4 ; Aali A13, 23 ; Abbas Q31 ; Abbasi B32, 63 ; Abbasikangevari M33, 64 ; Abbasikangevari Z64 ; Abbastabar H34 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Tran KB1, 2
  2. Lang JJ3
  3. Compton K4
  4. Xu R4
  5. Acheson AR4
  6. Henrikson HJ4, 12
  7. Kocarnik JM4
  8. Penberthy L4
  9. Aali A13, 23
  10. Abbas Q31
  11. Abbasi B32, 63
  12. Abbasikangevari M33, 64
  13. Abbasikangevari Z64
  14. Abbastabar H34
  15. Abdelmasseh M81
  16. Abdelsalam S82
  17. Abdelwahab AA83
  18. Abdoli G84
  19. Abdulkadir HA89
  20. Abedi A101, 102
  21. Abegaz KH104, 105
  22. Abidi H107
  23. Aboagye RG109
  24. Abolhassani H35, 112
  25. Absalan A113, 115
  26. Abtew YD90
  27. Abubaker Ali H116
  28. Abugharbieh E119
  29. Achappa B125
  30. Acuna JM130, 131
  31. Addison D133
  32. Addo IY134, 137
  33. Adegboye OA138
  34. Adesina MA139, 140
  35. Adnan M147
  36. Adnani QES148
  37. Advani SM149, 150
  38. Afrin S152
  39. Afzal MS154
  40. Aggarwal M156
  41. Ahinkorah BO159
  42. Ahmad AR160, 161
  43. Ahmad R163
  44. Ahmad S168
  45. Ahmad S168
  46. Ahmadi S65
  47. Ahmed H170
  48. Ahmed LA171
  49. Ahmed MB175, 179
  50. Rashid TA180
  51. Aiman W181
  52. Ajami M182, 183
  53. Akalu GT184, 185
  54. Akbarzadehkhiavi M192
  55. Aklilu A91
  56. Akonde M208
  57. Akunna CJ210, 211
  58. Al Hamad H212, 213
  59. Alahdab F214
  60. Alanezi FM167
  61. Alanzi TM164
  62. Alessy SA215, 216
  63. Algammal AM219
  64. Alhanawi MK221, 222
  65. Alhassan RK110
  66. Ali BA162, 227
  67. Ali L228
  68. Ali SS229
  69. Alimohamadi Y36, 230
  70. Alipour V231, 232
  71. Aljunid SM247, 250
  72. Alkhayyat M156
  73. Almaweri SAA251, 252
  74. Almustanyir S253, 254
  75. Alonso N255
  76. Alqalyoobi S256
  77. Alraddadi RM223
  78. Alrifai RHH258
  79. Alsabah SK248, 259
  80. Altammemi AB261
  81. Altawalah H249, 260
  82. Alvisguzman N262, 263
  83. Amare F264
  84. Ameyaw EK159
  85. Aminian Dehkordi JJ268, 269
  86. Amirzadeiranaq MH37
  87. Amu H111
  88. Amusa GA272, 274
  89. Ancuceanu R275
  90. Anderson JA4
  91. Animut YA280
  92. Anoushiravani A38
  93. Anoushirvani AA233
  94. Ansarimoghaddam A292
  95. Ansha MG294
  96. Antony B295
  97. Antwi MH296
  98. Anwar SL297
  99. Anwer R298
  100. Anyasodor AE299
  101. Arabloo J231
  102. Arabzozani M300
  103. Aremu O303
  104. Argaw AM304
  105. Ariffin H306, 307
  106. Aripov T308, 309
  107. Arshad M310
  108. Artaman A311
  109. Arulappan J312
  110. Aruleba RT313
  111. Aryannejad A33, 39
  112. Asaad M314
  113. Asemahagn MA317
  114. Asemi Z323
  115. Asgharijafarabadi M193, 325
  116. Ashraf T326
  117. Assadi R14
  118. Athar M330, 331
  119. Athari SS332
  120. Atout MMW333
  121. Attia S334
  122. Aujayeb A335
  123. Ausloos M336, 337
  124. Avilaburgos L338
  125. Awedew AF186
  126. Awoke MA318, 341
  127. Awoke T318
  128. Ayala Quintanilla BP343, 345
  129. Ayana TM92
  130. Ayen SS346
  131. Azadi D347
  132. Azadnajafabad S33
  133. Azamiaghdash S194
  134. Azanaw MM348
  135. Azangoukhyavy M33, 64
  136. Jafari AA351
  137. Azizi H36, 195
  138. Azzam AYY355, 356
  139. Babajani A66
  140. Badar M357
  141. Badiye AD358
  142. Baghcheghi N359
  143. Bagheri N360
  144. Bagherieh S363
  145. Bahadory S270, 371
  146. Baig AA373
  147. Baker JL374
  148. Bakhtiari A40
  149. Bakshi RK375
  150. Banach M380, 381
  151. Banerjee I382
  152. Bardhan M376, 383
  153. Baroneadesi F384
  154. Barra F385
  155. Barrow A389, 390
  156. Bashir NZ392
  157. Bashiri A24
  158. Basu S393
  159. Batiha AMM333
  160. Begum A394
  161. Bekele AB93
  162. Belay AS395
  163. Belete MA397
  164. Belgaumi UI398
  165. Bell AW399, 407
  166. Belo L408, 409
  167. Benzian H413
  168. Berhie AY319
  169. Bermudez ANC414, 416
  170. Bernabe E217
  171. Bhagavathula AS171, 417
  172. Bhala N418, 419
  173. Bhandari BB421
  174. Bhardwaj N422
  175. Bhardwaj P423, 424
  176. Bhattacharyya K429, 430
  177. Bhojaraja VS431
  178. Bhuyan SS433
  179. Bibi S434
  180. Bilchut AH294
  181. Bintoro BS435, 436
  182. Biondi A437
  183. Birega MGB396
  184. Birhan HE281
  185. Bjorge T442, 443
  186. Blyuss O444
  187. Bodicha BBA90
  188. Bolla SR445
  189. Boloor A125
  190. Bosetti C446
  191. Braithwaite D448, 450
  192. Brauer M4, 451
  193. Brenner H452
  194. Briko AN453, 454
  195. Briko NI454
  196. Buchanan CM1, 457
  197. Bulamu NB458
  198. Bustamanteteixeira MT462
  199. Butt MH463
  200. Butt NS224
  201. Butt ZA464, 465
  202. Caetano Dos Santos FL466
  203. Camera LA467, 468
  204. Cao C469
  205. Cao Y470
  206. Carreras G472
  207. Carvalho M409, 473
  208. Cembranel F474
  209. Cerin E476, 477
  210. Chakraborty PA451
  211. Charalampous P478
  212. Chattu VK479, 480
  213. Chimedochir O481
  214. Chirinoscaceres JL482
  215. Cho DY483
  216. Cho WCS484
  217. Christopher DJ485
  218. Chu DT487
  219. Chukwu IS488
  220. Cohen AJ4, 489
  221. Conde J490
  222. Cortes S491, 492
  223. Costa VM409
  224. Cruzmartins N410, 493
  225. Culbreth GT4
  226. Dadras O442, 494
  227. Dagnaw FT348
  228. Dahlawi SMA165
  229. Dai X4, 5
  230. Dandona L4, 379, 499
  231. Dandona R4, 5, 499
  232. Daneshpajouhnejad P364, 500
  233. Danielewicz A503
  234. Dao ATM504, 505
  235. Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R506
  236. Darwesh AM117
  237. Das S508
  238. Davitoiu DV276, 509
  239. Davtalab Esmaeili E193
  240. De La Hoz FP510
  241. Debela SA511
  242. Dehghan A512
  243. Demisse B94
  244. Demisse FW95
  245. Denovagutierrez E339
  246. Derakhshani A187
  247. Derbew Molla M282
  248. Dereje D176
  249. Deribe KS188
  250. Desai R513
  251. Desalegn MD514
  252. Dessalegn FN518
  253. Dessalegni SAA95
  254. Dessie G283
  255. Desta AA284
  256. Dewan SMR519, 520
  257. Dharmaratne SD4, 5, 521
  258. Dhimal M522
  259. Dianatinasab M25, 526
  260. Diao N400
  261. Diaz D527, 528
  262. Digesa LE96
  263. Dixit SG422
  264. Doaei S67, 529
  265. Doan LP533, 534
  266. Doku PN535
  267. Dongarwar D315
  268. Dos Santos WM536, 537
  269. Driscoll TR538
  270. Dsouza HL126, 543
  271. Durojaiye OC544
  272. Edalati S67
  273. Eghbalian F545
  274. Ehsanichimeh E41
  275. Eini E549
  276. Ekholuenetale M141, 142
  277. Ekundayo TC551
  278. Ekwueme DU552
  279. El Tantawi M553
  280. Elbahnasawy MA555
  281. Elbarazi I171
  282. Elghazaly H557, 560
  283. Elhadi M561
  284. Elhuneidi W120
  285. Emamian MH352
  286. Engelbert Bain L562
  287. Enyew DB265
  288. Erkhembayar R563
  289. Eshetu T285
  290. Eshrati B234
  291. Eskandarieh S42
  292. Espinosamontero J564
  293. Etaee F565
  294. Etemadimanesh A43
  295. Eyayu T349
  296. Ezeonwumelu IJ566, 567
  297. Ezzikouri S568
  298. Fagbamigbe AF141, 569
  299. Fahimi S38
  300. Fakhradiyev IR570
  301. Faraon EJA415
  302. Fares J572
  303. Farmany A546
  304. Farooque U574
  305. Farrokhpour H44, 575
  306. Fasanmi AO582, 583
  307. Fatehizadeh A365
  308. Fatima W327, 585
  309. Fattahi H587
  310. Fekadu G515, 588
  311. Feleke BE320
  312. Ferrari AA386
  313. Ferrero S387
  314. Ferro Desideri L388
  315. Filip I590, 591
  316. Fischer F592
  317. Foroumadi R45, 46
  318. Foroutan M593
  319. Fukumoto T594
  320. Gaal PA595, 597
  321. Gad MM157, 598
  322. Gadanya MA599, 600
  323. Gaipov A601
  324. Galehdar N602
  325. Gallus S447
  326. Garg T604
  327. Gaspar Fonseca M605
  328. Gebremariam YH89
  329. Gebremeskel TG606
  330. Gebremichael MA97
  331. Geda YF346
  332. Gela YY286
  333. Gemeda BNB607
  334. Getachew M177, 266
  335. Getachew ME516
  336. Ghaffari K114
  337. Ghafourifard M196
  338. Ghamari SH33, 64
  339. Ghasemi Nour M15
  340. Ghassemi F47
  341. Ghimire A523
  342. Ghith N608
  343. Gholamalizadeh M68
  344. Gholizadeh Navashenaq J609
  345. Ghozy S611
  346. Gilani SA328, 586
  347. Gill PS612
  348. Ginindza TG613
  349. Gizaw ATT178
  350. Glasbey JC420
  351. Godos J615
  352. Goel A616
  353. Golechha M617
  354. Goleij P618
  355. Golinelli D619
  356. Golitaleb M507
  357. Gorini G471
  358. Goulart BNG621
  359. Grosso G438
  360. Guadie HA321
  361. Gubari MIM623
  362. Gudayu TW287
  363. Guerra MR462
  364. Gunawardane DA624
  365. Gupta B625
  366. Gupta S626
  367. Gupta VB627
  368. Gupta VK628
  369. Gurara MK98, 630
  370. Guta A631
  371. Habibzadeh P26
  372. Haddadi Avval A16
  373. Hafezinejad N44, 501
  374. Hajj Ali A158
  375. Hajmirzaian A66, 69
  376. Halboub ES633, 635
  377. Halimi A70
  378. Halwani R119, 121
  379. Hamadeh RR636
  380. Hameed S329
  381. Hamidi S637
  382. Hanif A329
  383. Hariri S366
  384. Harlianto NI638, 640
  385. Haro JM641, 642
  386. Hartono RK643
  387. Hasaballah AI556
  388. Hasan SMM644, 645
  389. Hasani H646
  390. Hashemi SM44, 581
  391. Hassan AM314
  392. Hassanipour S530, 531
  393. Hayat K647, 648
  394. Heidari G649
  395. Heidari M361
  396. Heidarymeybodi Z650
  397. Herreraserna BY652
  398. Herteliu C337, 653
  399. Hezam K377, 654, 655
  400. Hiraike Y656
  401. Hlongwa MM614
  402. Holla R657
  403. Holm M663
  404. Horita N664, 665
  405. Hoseini M26, 27
  406. Hossain MDM666, 667
  407. Hossain MBH153
  408. Hosseini MS197
  409. Hosseinzadeh A118, 353
  410. Hosseinzadeh M535
  411. Hostiuc M277
  412. Hostiuc S278, 668
  413. Househ M669
  414. Huang J589
  415. Hugo FN622
  416. Humayun A670
  417. Hussain S671, 672
  418. Hussein NR675
  419. Hwang BF676
  420. Ibitoye SE143
  421. Iftikhar PM677
  422. Ikuta KS4, 6
  423. Ilesanmi OS144, 678
  424. Ilic IM681
  425. Ilic MD683
  426. Immurana M110
  427. Innos K684
  428. Iranpour P28
  429. Irham LM685
  430. Islam MDS686
  431. Islam RM687
  432. Islami F688
  433. Ismail NE689
  434. Isola G439
  435. Iwagami M690, 691
  436. Jaiswal A694
  437. Jakovljevic M696, 697
  438. Jalili M547, 698
  439. Jalilian S550
  440. Jamshidi E71, 699
  441. Jang SI700
  442. Jani CT702
  443. Javaheri T10
  444. Jayarajah UU703, 705
  445. Jayaram S706
  446. Jazayeri SB707
  447. Jebai R132
  448. Jemal B708
  449. Jeong W711
  450. Jha RP715, 716
  451. Jindal HA717
  452. Johnakinola YO143
  453. Jonas JB718, 719
  454. Joo T595
  455. Joseph N127
  456. Joukar F530, 531
  457. Jozwiak JJ720
  458. Jurisson M721
  459. Kabir A235
  460. Kacimi SEO722
  461. Kadashetti V723
  462. Kahe F401
  463. Kakodkar PV724
  464. Kalankesh LR198
  465. Kalankesh LR198
  466. Kalhor R727, 728
  467. Kamal VK729
  468. Kamangar F48, 730
  469. Kamath A657, 662
  470. Kanchan T425
  471. Kandaswamy E731
  472. Kandel H539, 732
  473. Kang H712
  474. Kanno GG709
  475. Kapoor N358
  476. Kar SS733
  477. Karanth SD449
  478. Karaye IM734
  479. Karch A735
  480. Karimi A44
  481. Kassa BG350
  482. Katoto PDMC736, 737
  483. Kauppila JH738, 739
  484. Kaur H495
  485. Kebede AG99, 189
  486. Keikavoosiarani L372
  487. Kejela GG517
  488. Kemp Bohan PM740
  489. Keramati M22
  490. Keykhaei M33, 49
  491. Khajuria H741
  492. Khan A742
  493. Khan AAK743, 745
  494. Khan EA746
  495. Khan G172
  496. Khan MDN748
  497. Khan MAB173, 749
  498. Khanali J33, 64
  499. Khatab K750, 751
  500. Khatatbeh MM752
  501. Khatib MN753
  502. Khayamzadeh M80, 755
  503. Khayat Kashani HR72
  504. Khazeei Tabari MA756, 761
  505. Khezeli M85
  506. Khodadost M762
  507. Kim MS764
  508. Kim YJ765, 766
  509. Kisa A767, 768
  510. Kisa S770
  511. Klugar M671, 771
  512. Klugarova J671, 772
  513. Kolahi AA64, 73
  514. Kolkhir P774, 776
  515. Kompani F50
  516. Koul PA777
  517. Koulmane Laxminarayana SL778
  518. Koyanagi A779, 780
  519. Krishan K781
  520. Krishnamoorthy Y782
  521. Kucuk Bicer B783
  522. Kugbey N784
  523. Kulimbet M571, 785
  524. Kumar A786, 787
  525. Kumar GA499
  526. Kumar N788
  527. Kurmi OP789, 790
  528. Kuttikkattu A793
  529. La Vecchia C794
  530. Lahiri A795
  531. Lal DK499
  532. Lam J596, 796
  533. Lan Q797
  534. Landires I798, 801
  535. Larijani B45
  536. Lasrado S802
  537. Lau J803
  538. Lauriola P804
  539. Ledda C440
  540. Lee SW805
  541. Lee SWH806, 807
  542. Lee WC808
  543. Lee YY810
  544. Lee YH811
  545. Legesse SM812
  546. Leigh J540
  547. Leong E814
  548. Li MC815
  549. Lim SS4, 5
  550. Liu G816, 817
  551. Liu J818
  552. Lo CH819
  553. Lohiya A820
  554. Lopukhov PD454
  555. Lorenzovici L821, 822
  556. Lotfi M196, 199
  557. Loureiro JA411, 823
  558. Lunevicius R824, 825
  559. Madadizadeh F827
  560. Mafi AR74
  561. Magdeldin S220, 828
  562. Mahjoub S829, 830
  563. Mahmoodpoor A200
  564. Mahmoudi M831
  565. Mahmoudimanesh M832
  566. Mahumud RA541
  567. Majeed A835
  568. Majidpoor J726
  569. Makki A122
  570. Makris KC838
  571. Malakan Rad E51
  572. Malekpour MR33
  573. Malekzadeh R29, 38
  574. Malik AA225, 329
  575. Mallhi TH839
  576. Mallya SD658
  577. Mamun MA840, 841
  578. Manda AL276, 842
  579. Mansourghanaei F530, 531
  580. Mansouri B86
  581. Mansournia MA36
  582. Mantovani LG843, 844
  583. Martini S845, 846
  584. Martorell M847, 848
  585. Masoudi S38
  586. Masoumi SZ548
  587. Matei CN279, 849
  588. Mathews E850
  589. Mathur MR496, 826
  590. Mathur V851
  591. Mckee M692
  592. Meena JK695
  593. Mehmood K852
  594. Mehrabi Nasab E52
  595. Mehrotra R378
  596. Melese A318
  597. Mendoza W853
  598. Menezes RG166
  599. Mengesha SD813
  600. Mensah LG854
  601. Mentis AFA855
  602. Meramamian AYM856, 857
  603. Meretoja TJ858, 859
  604. Merid MW860
  605. Mersha AG288, 861
  606. Meselu BT863
  607. Meshkat M367
  608. Mestrovic T4, 864
  609. Miao Jonasson J865
  610. Miazgowski T866
  611. Michalek IM867
  612. Mijena GFW868
  613. Miller TR869, 870
  614. Mir SA871
  615. Mirinezhad SK201
  616. Mirmoeeni S351
  617. Mirzaaghazadehattari M202, 872
  618. Mirzaei H53
  619. Mirzaei HR323
  620. Misganaw AS190, 191
  621. Misra S426
  622. Mohammad KA873
  623. Mohammadi E54, 581
  624. Mohammadi M874
  625. Mohammadianhafshejani A362
  626. Mohammadpourhodki R17
  627. Mohammed A875
  628. Mohammed S876, 878
  629. Mohan S634, 879
  630. Mohseni M368, 880
  631. Moka N881, 882
  632. Mokdad AH4, 5
  633. Molassiotis A883
  634. Molokhia M218
  635. Momenzadeh K402
  636. Momtazmanesh S33, 44
  637. Monasta L885
  638. Mons U886
  639. Al Montasir A887, 888
  640. Montazeri F33, 75
  641. Montero A889
  642. Moosavi MA890
  643. Moradi A891
  644. Moradi Y895
  645. Moradi Sarabi M603
  646. Moraga P896
  647. Morawska L897
  648. Morrison SD7
  649. Morze J899
  650. Mosapour A271, 830
  651. Mostafavi E900
  652. Mousavi SM833
  653. Mousavi Isfahani H236
  654. Mousavi Khaneghah A901
  655. Mpundukaambwa C459
  656. Mubarik S902
  657. Mulita F904, 905
  658. Munblit D455, 836
  659. Munro SB906
  660. Murillozamora E907, 908
  661. Musa J273, 573
  662. Nabhan AF558, 909
  663. Nagarajan AJ910, 911
  664. Nagaraju SP659
  665. Nagel G912
  666. Naghipour M530, 532
  667. Naimzada MD913, 915
  668. Nair TS916
  669. Naqvi AA917
  670. Narasimha Swamy S918
  671. Narayana AI660
  672. Nassereldine H4
  673. Natto ZS226, 403
  674. Nayak BP741
  675. Ndejjo R919
  676. Nduaguba SO920
  677. Negash WW305, 921
  678. Nejadghaderi SA75, 576
  679. Nejati K922
  680. Neupane Kandel S923
  681. Nguyen HVN924, 925
  682. Niazi RK926
  683. Noor NM927, 929
  684. Noori M237
  685. Noroozi N55
  686. Nouraei H30
  687. Nowroozi A44
  688. Nunezsamudio V799, 800
  689. Nzoputam CI930
  690. Nzoputam OJ931, 932
  691. Oancea B933
  692. Odukoya OO935, 936
  693. Oghenetega OB145
  694. Ogunsakin RE613
  695. Oguntade AS679, 928
  696. Oh IH938
  697. Okatialiabad H293
  698. Okekunle AP146, 939
  699. Olagunju AT791, 940
  700. Olagunju TO792
  701. Olakunde BO941
  702. Olufadewa II139, 142
  703. Omer E942
  704. Omonisi AEE943, 944
  705. Ong S945, 946
  706. Onwujekwe OE947
  707. Orru H721, 948
  708. Otstavnov SS913, 949
  709. Oulhaj A130
  710. Oumer B95
  711. Owopetu OF680
  712. Oyinloye BE951, 952
  713. Mahesh PA953
  714. Padronmonedero A954
  715. Padubidri JR955
  716. Pakbin B956
  717. Pakshir K30
  718. Pakzad R957
  719. Palicz T596, 958
  720. Pana A337, 959
  721. Pandey A497, 960
  722. Pandey A497, 960
  723. Pant S525
  724. Pardhan S961
  725. Park EC713, 962
  726. Park EK714
  727. Park S701
  728. Patel J963, 965
  729. Pati S966
  730. Paudel R967
  731. Paudel U523, 968
  732. Paun M934, 969
  733. Pazoki Toroudi H238, 239
  734. Peng M970, 971
  735. Pereira J973
  736. Pereira RB412
  737. Perna S974
  738. Perumalsamy N975, 976
  739. Pestell RG977, 978
  740. Pezzani R979, 980
  741. Piccinelli C981
  742. Pillay JD982
  743. Piracha ZZ747
  744. Pischon T775, 983
  745. Postma MJ984, 985
  746. Pourabhari Langroudi A33
  747. Pourshams A38
  748. Pourtaheri N610
  749. Prashant A986
  750. Qadir MMF769
  751. Quazi Syed Z754
  752. Rabiee M987
  753. Rabiee N629, 988
  754. Radfar A989
  755. Radhakrishnan RA661
  756. Radhakrishnan V990
  757. Raeisi M892
  758. Rafiee A991
  759. Rafiei A757, 758
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  761. Rahim F56
  762. Rahman MDO995
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  764. Rahman MA996
  765. Rahmani AM33, 997
  766. Rahmani S76
  767. Rahmanian V998
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  769. Rajesh A999
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  771. Ramezanzadeh K66
  772. Rana J1000, 1001
  773. Ranabhat K1002, 1003
  774. Ranasinghe P704
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  778. Rashidi A33, 1007
  779. Rashidi M64
  780. Rashidi MM1008
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  783. Rawaf S835, 1012
  784. Rawal L1013
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  808. Saberzadehardestani B58
  809. Sabour S77
  810. Saddik B124
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  846. Shahabi S23
  847. Shahid I1057
  848. Shahrbaf MA78, 1058
  849. Shahsavari HR1059
  850. Shaikh MA1060
  851. Shaka MF709
  852. Shaker E54, 576
  853. Shannawaz M1061
  854. Sharew MMS289
  855. Sharifi A1062
  856. Sharifirad J1063
  857. Sharma P1064
  858. Shashamo BB94
  859. Sheikh A406, 964
  860. Sheikh M38, 1065
  861. Sheikhbahaei S501
  862. Sheikhi RA1066
  863. Sheikhy A577, 578
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  865. Shetty A128
  866. Shetty JK432
  867. Shetty RS658
  868. Shibuya K1068
  869. Shirkoohi R59, 60
  870. Shirzadaski H894
  871. Shivakumar KM1069
  872. Shivalli S693
  873. Shivarov V1070, 1071
  874. Shobeiri P54, 579
  875. Shokri Varniab Z33
  876. Shorofi SA460, 759
  877. Shrestha S1072
  878. Sibhat MM710
  879. Siddappa Malleshappa SK1073
  880. Sidemo NB98
  881. Silva DAS475
  882. Silva LMLR1074, 1075
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  884. Silvestris N1077, 1078
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  887. Singh A295
  888. Singh G427, 1079
  889. Singh H1080
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  891. Singh JK1084
  892. Singh P1085
  893. Singh S428
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  895. Sinke AH1088
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  898. Siwal SS1090
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Source: The Lancet Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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