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The Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological Findings in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Patients With Covid-19: A Case-Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Abasian L1 ; Jafari F1 ; Seyedalinaghi S2 ; Ayoobi Yazdi N3 ; Daraei M4 ; Ahmadinejad N3 ; Ghiasvand F1 ; Khalili H1 ; Seifi A1 ; Maydani M1 ; Behnezhad F5 ; Ahmadinejad Z6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Internal Medicine-Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Liver Transplantation Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Immunity# Inflammation and Disease Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para-clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID-19 patients in a case-control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this study, 107 immunocompromised COVID-19 patients were recruited as the case group, and 107 immunocompetent COVID-19 patients as the control group. The participants were matched based on age and sex. The patients' information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para-clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (p <.05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and dizziness were more frequently reported by the control group (p <.05). Regarding the prescribed medications' duration, Sofosbovir was used longer in the case group, while Ribavirin was used longer in the control groups (p <.05). The most common complication in the case group was acute respiratory distress syndrome, although no major complications were observed in the control group. According to the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) prescription were significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. Conclusion: Recovery time was significantly longer in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group, which emphasizes the necessity of prolonged care in these high-risk patients. Also, it is recommended to investigate the effect of novel therapeutic interventions to reduce the recovery time in addition to improving the prognosis of immunodeficient patients with COVID-19. © 2023 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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