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Novel Sars-Cov2 Poly Epitope Phage-Based Candidate Vaccine and Its Immunogenicity Publisher



Hasani SM1 ; Behdani M2 ; Amirkhani Z1 ; Rahimmanesh I3 ; Esmaeilifallah M1, 4 ; Zaker E1, 5 ; Nikpour P1 ; Fadaie M1, 5 ; Ghafouri E1 ; Naderi S1 ; Khanahmad H1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences Published:2024


Abstract

Background and purpose: The global emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted widespread concern. Bacteriophages have recently gained attention as a cost-effective and stable alternative for vaccine development due to their adjuvant properties. This study aimed to design and validate a poly epitope composed of viral proteins. Experimental approach: SARS-CoV-2 proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, envelope, papain-like protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) were selected for analysis. Immunoinformatic methods were employed to predict B and T cell epitopes, assessing their antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. Epitopes meeting criteria for high antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were linked to form poly epitopes. These sequences were synthesized and cloned into pHEN4 plasmids to generate Poly1 and Poly2 phagemid vectors. Recombinant Poly1 and Poly2 phages were produced by transforming M13ΔIII plasmids and phagemid vectors into E. coli TG1. Female Balb/c mice were immunized with a cocktail of Poly1 and Poly2 phages, and their serum was collected for ELISA testing. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) testing was performed on spleen-derived lymphocytes to evaluate immune system activation. Findings/Results: Recombinant Poly1 and Poly2 phages were produced, and their titer was determined as 10 13 PFU/mL. Efficient humoral immune responses and cellular immunity activation in mice were achieved following phage administration. Conclusion and implication: Poly epitopes displayed on phages exhibit adjuvant properties, enhancing humoral and cellular immunity in mice. This suggests that phages could serve as adjuvants to bolster immunity against SARS-Cov-2. Recombinant phages could be applied as effective candidates for injectable and oral vaccine development strategies. Copyright © 2024 Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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