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Metabolic Risk Factors Attributed Burden in Iran at National and Subnational Levels, 1990 to 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Moradi S1 ; Parsaei A1 ; Moghaddam SS1 ; Aryannejad A1, 2 ; Azadnajafabad S1 ; Rezaei N1, 3 ; Mashinchi B1, 2 ; Esfahani Z1 ; Shobeiri P4 ; Rezaei N1, 3 ; Aali A5 ; Abbasikangevari M1 ; Abbasikangevari Z1, 6 ; Abdollahi S7 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Moradi S1
  2. Parsaei A1
  3. Moghaddam SS1
  4. Aryannejad A1, 2
  5. Azadnajafabad S1
  6. Rezaei N1, 3
  7. Mashinchi B1, 2
  8. Esfahani Z1
  9. Shobeiri P4
  10. Rezaei N1, 3
  11. Aali A5
  12. Abbasikangevari M1
  13. Abbasikangevari Z1, 6
  14. Abdollahi S7
  15. Absalan A8, 9
  16. Afaghi S10
  17. Ahmadi A11, 12
  18. Ahmadi AM13, 14
  19. Ahmadi S15
  20. Ajami M16, 17
  21. Akhlaghdoust M18, 19
  22. Alatab S20
  23. Alimohamadi Y21
  24. Amirbehghadami M22, 23
  25. Amiri S24
  26. Anvari D25, 26
  27. Arabloo J27
  28. Askari E28
  29. Athari SS29
  30. Avan A30
  31. Azari S31
  32. Babamohamadi H32
  33. Baghcheghi N33
  34. Bagherieh S34
  35. Baradaran HR35, 36
  36. Bashiri A37
  37. Dianatinasab M38, 39
  38. Djalalinia S40
  39. Dodangeh M41
  40. Dolatshahi M42
  41. Edalati S43
  42. Farrokhpour H1, 4
  43. Fatehizadeh A44
  44. Ghadirian F45
  45. Ghashghaee A46
  46. Gholami A47, 48
  47. Goleij P49
  48. Hafezinejad N4, 50
  49. Hasani H51, 52
  50. Hassanipour S53, 54
  51. Heidariforoozan M1, 55
  52. Hessami K56, 57
  53. Hosseini K58, 59
  54. Hosseini MS60
  55. Hosseini SK61
  56. Hoveidamanesh S62
  57. Iravanpour F63
  58. Irilouzadian R55, 64
  59. Jamalpoor Z65
  60. Jamialahmadi T66, 67
  61. Kabir A68
  62. Kaydi N69
  63. Kazemian S70, 71
  64. Keykhaei M1, 72
  65. Khafaie MA73
  66. Khanmohammadi S1, 4
  67. Khateri S74
  68. Kompani F75
  69. Koohestani HR76
  70. Mahjoub S77, 78
  71. Mahmoodpoor A79
  72. Mahmoudimanesh M80
  73. Rad EM81
  74. Malekpour MR1
  75. Malekzadeh R20, 82
  76. Mansournia MA83
  77. Marjani A84
  78. Mohammadi E1, 4
  79. Momtazmanesh S1, 4
  80. Moradi M85
  81. Moradilakeh M86
  82. Moradpour F87
  83. Morovatdar N88
  84. Nejadghaderi SA1, 55
  85. Noori M85
  86. Nouraei H89
  87. Nowroozi A4
  88. Okatialiabad H90
  89. Pourshams A20
  90. Rahimi M91
  91. Rahmani S1, 55
  92. Rahmanian V92
  93. Rashedi S1, 59
  94. Rashidi MM1, 6
  95. Razeghianjahromi I93
  96. Rezaee M58, 94
  97. Sabzmakan L95
  98. Sadeghi E96
  99. Sadeghi M97
  100. Sadeghian S98
  101. Sahebkar A99, 100
  102. Salimzadeh H20
  103. Sargazi S101
  104. Sarrafzadegan N102, 103
  105. Sepanlou SG20, 82
  106. Shafeghat M4
  107. Shafie M104
  108. Shahbandi A4
  109. Shahrakisanavi F90
  110. Shamsbeyranvand M105
  111. Sharifirazavi A106
  112. Shorofi SA107, 108
  113. Tabatabaeizadeh SA109
  114. Tahamtan A110
  115. Taheri M111, 112
  116. Vahabi SM4
  117. Vaziri S113
  118. Yazdanpanah F114, 115
  119. Zahir M116
  120. Zangiabadian M55
  121. Zare I117
  122. Zareshahrabadi Z89
  123. Naghavi M118, 119
  124. Larijani B3
  125. Farzadfar F1, 3

Source: Frontiers in Public Health Published:2023


Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic risk factors (MRFs) predispose populations to a variety of chronic diseases with a huge burden globally. With the increasing burden of these risk factors in Iran, in this study, we aimed to report the estimated burden attributed to MRFs at national and subnational scales in Iran, from 1990 to 2019. Methods: Based on the comparative risk assessment method of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019, data of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to four top MRFs in Iran including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for the 1990–2019 period, were extracted. The socio-demographic index (SDI) was used to report the data based on the corresponding socio-economic stratifications. The results were reported in national and subnational 31 provinces of Iran to discover disparities regarding the attributable burden to MRFs. Furthermore, we reported the causes of diseases to which the attributable burden to MRFs was related. Results: Overall, the age-standardized high LDL, high SBP, high BMI, and high FPG-attributed death rate changed by −45.1, −35.6, +2.8, and +19.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. High SBP was the leading risk factor regarding attributed age-standardized death rates reaching 157.8 (95% uncertainty interval: 135.3–179.1) and DALY rates reaching 2973.4 (2652.2–3280.2) per 100,000 person-years, in 2019. All rates increased with aging, and men had higher rates except for the +70 years age group. At the subnational level, provinces in the middle SDI quintile had the highest death and DALY rates regarding all four MRFs. Total deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs number by the causes of diseases linked to MRFs increased over the study period. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases were the main causes of burden of disease attributable to MRFs. Conclusion: Herein, we found divergent patterns regarding the burden of MRFs as well as disparities in different regions, sex, and age groups for each risk factor and related causes. This could provide policymakers with a clearer vision toward more appropriate decision-making and resource allocation to prevent the burden of MRFs in Iran. Copyright © 2023 Moradi, Parsaei, Saeedi Moghaddam, Aryannejad, Azadnajafabad, Rezaei, Mashinchi, Esfahani, Shobeiri, Rezaei, GBD 2019 Iran MRF Collaborators, Naghavi, Larijani and Farzadfar.
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