Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes Publisher

Romdhani M^{1, 2} ; Ammar A^{3, 4} ; Trabelsi K^{1, 5} ; Chtourou H^{1, 2} ; Vitale JA⁶ ; Masmoudi L¹ ; Nedelec M⁷ ; Rae DE⁸ ; Al Horani RA⁹ ; Ben Saad H¹⁰ ; Bragazzi N^{11, 12} ; Donmez G¹³ ; Dergaa I¹⁴ ; Driss T¹⁵ Show All Authors

Romdhani M^{1, 2}
Ammar A^{3, 4}
Trabelsi K^{1, 5}
Chtourou H^{1, 2}
Vitale JA⁶
Masmoudi L¹
Nedelec M⁷
Rae DE⁸
Al Horani RA⁹
Ben Saad H¹⁰
Bragazzi N^{11, 12}
Donmez G¹³
Dergaa I¹⁴
Driss T¹⁵
Farooq A¹⁶
Hammouda O^{15, 17}
Harroum N¹⁸
Hassanmirzaei B^{19, 20}
Khalladi K¹⁶
Khemila S^{2, 21}
Matarunadossantos LJ^{22, 23}
Moussachamari I²⁴
Mujika I^{25, 26}
Munoz Helu H²⁷
Norouzi Fashkhami A²⁸
Paineirasdomingos LL^{29, 30}
Khaneghah MR²⁸
Saita Y³¹
Souabni M¹⁵
Souissi N^{2, 21}
Washif JA³²
Weber J^{33, 34}
Zmijewski P³⁵
Taylor L^{36, 37}
Garbarino S^{38, 39}
Chamari K¹⁶

Show Affiliations

1. High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
2. Physical Activity, Sport and Health, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, UR18JS01, Tunisia
3. Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
4. Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
5. Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, University of Sfax, Sfax, EM2S, LR19JS01, Tunisia
6. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
7. The French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Unit, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370), Paris, France
8. Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
9. Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
10. Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09), Insuffisance Cardiaqueâ€� Sousse, Faculte de Medecine de Sousse, Hopital Farhat Hached, Universite de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
11. Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
12. Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
13. Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
14. PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
15. Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
16. Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
17. Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, LR19ES13, Tunisia
18. Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
19. Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
20. Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center, IFMARC, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
21. High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
22. Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
23. Coventry University â€“ Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relation, Coventry, United Kingdom
24. Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
25. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
26. Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
27. Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Occidente, Culiacan, Mexico
28. Esteghlal Physiotherapy Clinic, EPC, Tehran, Iran
29. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Ciencias Medicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
30. Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Reabilitacao e Saude, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
31. Department of Sports and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
32. Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
33. Neurocognition and Action â€“ Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
34. Institute for Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
35. University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
36. National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
37. Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
38. Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
39. Post-graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022

Abstract

Objective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan. Copyright © 2022 Romdhani, Ammar, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Vitale, Masmoudi, Nedelec, Rae, Al Horani, Ben Saad, Bragazzi, Donmez, Dergaa, Driss, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Munoz Helu, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Khaneghah, Saita, Souabni, Souissi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Romdhani M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 9, no. , 2022, pp. -.
APA	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, Rae DE, Al Horani RA, Ben Saad H, Bragazzi N, Donmez G, Dergaa I, Driss T, Farooq A, Hammouda O, Harroum N, Hassanmirzaei B, Khalladi K, ... Chamari K (2022). Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), -.
Chicago	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition 9, no. (2022): -.
Harvard	Romdhani M et al. (2022) 'Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, et al.. Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Romdhani M and Ammar A and Trabelsi K and Chtourou H and Vitale JA and Masmoudi L and Nedelec M and Rae DE and Al Horani RA and Ben Saad H and Bragazzi N and Donmez G and Dergaa I and Driss T and Farooq A and Hammouda O and Harroum N and Hassanmirzaei B and Khalladi K and Khemila S and Matarunadossantos LJ and Moussachamari I and Mujika I and Munoz Helu H and Norouzi Fashkhami A and Paineirasdomingos LL and Khaneghah MR and Saita Y and Souabni M and Souissi N and Washif JA and Weber J and Zmijewski P and Taylor L and Garbarino S and Chamari K}, title = {Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes}, journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Romdhani M AU - Ammar A AU - Trabelsi K AU - Chtourou H AU - Vitale JA AU - Masmoudi L AU - Nedelec M AU - Rae DE AU - Al Horani RA AU - Ben Saad H AU - Bragazzi N AU - Donmez G AU - Dergaa I AU - Driss T AU - Farooq A AU - Hammouda O AU - Harroum N AU - Hassanmirzaei B AU - Khalladi K AU - Khemila S AU - Matarunadossantos LJ AU - Moussachamari I AU - Mujika I AU - Munoz Helu H AU - Norouzi Fashkhami A AU - Paineirasdomingos LL AU - Khaneghah MR AU - Saita Y AU - Souabni M AU - Souissi N AU - Washif JA AU - Weber J AU - Zmijewski P AU - Taylor L AU - Garbarino S AU - Chamari K TI - Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes JO - Frontiers in Nutrition VL - 9 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2022 ER -

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