Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes

Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes Publisher

Romdhani M^{1, 2} ; Ammar A^{3, 4} ; Trabelsi K^{1, 5} ; Chtourou H^{1, 2} ; Vitale JA⁶ ; Masmoudi L¹ ; Nedelec M⁷ ; Rae DE⁸ ; Al Horani RA⁹ ; Ben Saad H¹⁰ ; Bragazzi N^{11, 12} ; Donmez G¹³ ; Dergaa I¹⁴ ; Driss T¹⁵ Show All Authors

Romdhani M^{1, 2}
Ammar A^{3, 4}
Trabelsi K^{1, 5}
Chtourou H^{1, 2}
Vitale JA⁶
Masmoudi L¹
Nedelec M⁷
Rae DE⁸
Al Horani RA⁹
Ben Saad H¹⁰
Bragazzi N^{11, 12}
Donmez G¹³
Dergaa I¹⁴
Driss T¹⁵
Farooq A¹⁶
Hammouda O^{15, 17}
Harroum N¹⁸
Hassanmirzaei B^{19, 20}
Khalladi K¹⁶
Khemila S^{2, 21}
Matarunadossantos LJ^{22, 23}
Moussachamari I²⁴
Mujika I^{25, 26}
Munoz Helu H²⁷
Norouzi Fashkhami A²⁸
Paineirasdomingos LL^{29, 30}
Khaneghah MR²⁸
Saita Y³¹
Souabni M¹⁵
Souissi N^{2, 21}
Washif JA³²
Weber J^{33, 34}
Zmijewski P³⁵
Taylor L^{36, 37}
Garbarino S^{38, 39}
Chamari K¹⁶

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022

Abstract

Objective: Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods: From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results: The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion: Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan. Copyright © 2022 Romdhani, Ammar, Trabelsi, Chtourou, Vitale, Masmoudi, Nedelec, Rae, Al Horani, Ben Saad, Bragazzi, Donmez, Dergaa, Driss, Farooq, Hammouda, Harroum, Hassanmirzaei, Khalladi, Khemila, Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Moussa-Chamari, Mujika, Munoz Helu, Norouzi Fashkhami, Paineiras-Domingos, Khaneghah, Saita, Souabni, Souissi, Washif, Weber, Zmijewski, Taylor, Garbarino and Chamari.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Romdhani M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 9, no. , 2022, pp. -.
APA	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, Rae DE, Al Horani RA, Ben Saad H, Bragazzi N, Donmez G, Dergaa I, Driss T, Farooq A, Hammouda O, Harroum N, Hassanmirzaei B, Khalladi K, ... Chamari K (2022). Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), -.
Chicago	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition 9, no. (2022): -.
Harvard	Romdhani M et al. (2022) 'Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, et al.. Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Romdhani M and Ammar A and Trabelsi K and Chtourou H and Vitale JA and Masmoudi L and Nedelec M and Rae DE and Al Horani RA and Ben Saad H and Bragazzi N and Donmez G and Dergaa I and Driss T and Farooq A and Hammouda O and Harroum N and Hassanmirzaei B and Khalladi K and Khemila S and Matarunadossantos LJ and Moussachamari I and Mujika I and Munoz Helu H and Norouzi Fashkhami A and Paineirasdomingos LL and Khaneghah MR and Saita Y and Souabni M and Souissi N and Washif JA and Weber J and Zmijewski P and Taylor L and Garbarino S and Chamari K}, title = {Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes}, journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Romdhani M AU - Ammar A AU - Trabelsi K AU - Chtourou H AU - Vitale JA AU - Masmoudi L AU - Nedelec M AU - Rae DE AU - Al Horani RA AU - Ben Saad H AU - Bragazzi N AU - Donmez G AU - Dergaa I AU - Driss T AU - Farooq A AU - Hammouda O AU - Harroum N AU - Hassanmirzaei B AU - Khalladi K AU - Khemila S AU - Matarunadossantos LJ AU - Moussachamari I AU - Mujika I AU - Munoz Helu H AU - Norouzi Fashkhami A AU - Paineirasdomingos LL AU - Khaneghah MR AU - Saita Y AU - Souabni M AU - Souissi N AU - Washif JA AU - Weber J AU - Zmijewski P AU - Taylor L AU - Garbarino S AU - Chamari K TI - Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes JO - Frontiers in Nutrition VL - 9 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2022 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Romdhani M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 9, no. , 2022, pp. -.

APA

Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, Rae DE, Al Horani RA, Ben Saad H, Bragazzi N, Donmez G, Dergaa I, Driss T, Farooq A, Hammouda O, Harroum N, Hassanmirzaei B, Khalladi K, ... Chamari K (2022). Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), -.

Chicago

Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nedelec M, et al.. "Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes." Frontiers in Nutrition 9, no. (2022): -.

Harvard

Romdhani M et al. (2022) 'Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes', Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(), pp. -.

Vancouver

Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, et al.. Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9():-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Romdhani M and Ammar A and Trabelsi K and Chtourou H and Vitale JA and Masmoudi L and Nedelec M and Rae DE and Al Horani RA and Ben Saad H and Bragazzi N and Donmez G and Dergaa I and Driss T and Farooq A and Hammouda O and Harroum N and Hassanmirzaei B and Khalladi K and Khemila S and Matarunadossantos LJ and Moussachamari I and Mujika I and Munoz Helu H and Norouzi Fashkhami A and Paineirasdomingos LL and Khaneghah MR and Saita Y and Souabni M and Souissi N and Washif JA and Weber J and Zmijewski P and Taylor L and Garbarino S and Chamari K}, title = {Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes}, journal = {Frontiers in Nutrition}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2022} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Romdhani M
AU - Ammar A
AU - Trabelsi K
AU - Chtourou H
AU - Vitale JA
AU - Masmoudi L
AU - Nedelec M
AU - Rae DE
AU - Al Horani RA
AU - Ben Saad H
AU - Bragazzi N
AU - Donmez G
AU - Dergaa I
AU - Driss T
AU - Farooq A
AU - Hammouda O
AU - Harroum N
AU - Hassanmirzaei B
AU - Khalladi K
AU - Khemila S
AU - Matarunadossantos LJ
AU - Moussachamari I
AU - Mujika I
AU - Munoz Helu H
AU - Norouzi Fashkhami A
AU - Paineirasdomingos LL
AU - Khaneghah MR
AU - Saita Y
AU - Souabni M
AU - Souissi N
AU - Washif JA
AU - Weber J
AU - Zmijewski P
AU - Taylor L
AU - Garbarino S
AU - Chamari K
TI - Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes
JO - Frontiers in Nutrition
VL - 9
IS -
SP -
EP -
PY - 2022
ER -

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