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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Neck Pain, 1990–2020, and Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher



Wu AM1 ; Cross M2, 6 ; Elliott JM7, 8 ; Culbreth GT10 ; Cousin E2, 10 ; Haile LM10 ; Steinmetz JD10 ; Hagins H10 ; Kopec JA13, 14, 200 ; Brooks PM15 ; Woolf AD6, 16 ; Kopanskygiles DR17, 18 ; Walton DM3, 19 ; Treleaven JM20 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Wu AM1
  2. Cross M2, 6
  3. Elliott JM7, 8
  4. Culbreth GT10
  5. Cousin E2, 10
  6. Haile LM10
  7. Steinmetz JD10
  8. Hagins H10
  9. Kopec JA13, 14, 200
  10. Brooks PM15
  11. Woolf AD6, 16
  12. Kopanskygiles DR17, 18
  13. Walton DM3, 19
  14. Treleaven JM20
  15. Dreinhoefer KE6, 21
  16. Betteridge N23
  17. Abbasifard M24, 25
  18. Abbasikangevari Z26, 30
  19. Addo IY40, 42
  20. Adesina MA43, 44
  21. Adnani QES49
  22. Aithala JP50
  23. Alhalaiqa FAN51, 52
  24. Alimohamadi Y53
  25. Amiri S57
  26. Amu H58
  27. Antony B59
  28. Arabloo J54
  29. Aravkin AY10, 11, 12
  30. Asgharijafarabadi M60, 61
  31. Atomsa GH63
  32. Azadnajafabad S30
  33. Azzam AY65, 66
  34. Baghdadi S67
  35. Balogun SA59
  36. Balta AB68
  37. Banach M71, 72
  38. Banakar M31, 73
  39. Barrow A76, 77
  40. Bashiri A74
  41. Bekele A69
  42. Bensenor IM78
  43. Bhardwaj P80, 81
  44. Bhat AN82
  45. Bilchut AH83
  46. Briggs AM84
  47. Buchbinder R62, 86
  48. Cao C87
  49. Chaurasia A88
  50. Chirinoscaceres JL89
  51. Christensen SWM90, 91
  52. Coberly K10
  53. Dadras O92, 93
  54. Dai X10, 12
  55. De Luca K94
  56. Dehghan A95
  57. Dong HJ96, 97
  58. Ekholuenetale M45, 46
  59. Elhadi M98
  60. Eshetu HB99
  61. Eskandarieh S32
  62. Etaee F101
  63. Fagbamigbe AF45, 103
  64. Fares J9
  65. Fatehizadeh A104
  66. Feizkhah A105
  67. Ferreira ML4
  68. Ferreira N106
  69. Fischer F22
  70. Franklin RC107
  71. Ganesan B108, 109
  72. Gebremichael MA70
  73. Gerema U64
  74. Gholami A110, 111
  75. Ghozy S112
  76. Gill TK113
  77. Golechha M114
  78. Goleij P115, 116
  79. Golinelli D117
  80. Graham SM118, 119
  81. Hajmirzaian A27, 120
  82. Harlianto NI121, 122
  83. Hartvigsen J123, 124
  84. Hasanian M125, 126
  85. Hassen MB10
  86. Hay SI10, 12
  87. Hebert JJ128, 129
  88. Heidari G130
  89. Hoveidaei AH131
  90. Hsiao AK132
  91. Ibitoye SE47
  92. Iwu CCD133
  93. Jacob L134, 135
  94. Janodia MD136
  95. Jin Y137
  96. Jonas JB138, 139
  97. Joshua CE140
  98. Kandel H5, 141
  99. Khader YS142
  100. Khajuria H143
  101. Khan EA144
  102. Khan MAB145, 146
  103. Khatatbeh MM147
  104. Khateri S148
  105. Khayat Kashani HR28
  106. Khonji MS55
  107. Khubchandani J149
  108. Kim YJ150
  109. Kisa A151, 152
  110. Kolahi AA26
  111. Koohestani HR153
  112. Krishan K154
  113. Kuddus M155
  114. Kuttikkattu A156
  115. Lasrado S157
  116. Lee YH158
  117. Legesse SM127
  118. Lim SS10, 12
  119. Liu X159, 160
  120. Lo J10
  121. Malih N162
  122. Manandhar SP163
  123. Mathews E164
  124. Mesregah MK165
  125. Mestrovic T10, 166
  126. Miller TR85, 167
  127. Mirghaderi SR33
  128. Misganaw A12, 126
  129. Mohammadi E34
  130. Mohammed S168, 169
  131. Mokdad AH10, 12
  132. Momtazmanesh S30, 35
  133. Moni MA170
  134. Mostafavi E171
  135. Murray CJL10, 12
  136. Nair TS172
  137. Nejadghaderi SA29, 173
  138. Nzoputam OJ175, 176
  139. Oh IH177
  140. Okonji OC178
  141. Owolabi MO48, 179
  142. Pachecobarrios K180, 181
  143. Pahlevan Fallahy MT36
  144. Park S182
  145. Patel J183, 184
  146. Pawar S102
  147. Pedersini P185
  148. Peres MFP79, 186
  149. Petcu IR187
  150. Pourahmadi M56
  151. Qattea I161
  152. Ram P188
  153. Rashidi MM26, 30
  154. Rawaf S189, 190
  155. Rezaei N30, 37
  156. Rezaei N30, 37
  157. Saeed U191, 192
  158. Saheb Sharifaskari F193
  159. Salahi S194
  160. Sawhney M195
  161. Schumacher AE10
  162. Shafie M38
  163. Shahabi S73
  164. Shahbandi A36
  165. Shamekh A196
  166. Sharma S40, 41, 197
  167. Shiri R198
  168. Shobeiri P34, 174
  169. Sinaei E75
  170. Singh A59
  171. Singh JA198, 199
  172. Singh P201
  173. Skryabina AA202
  174. Smith AE10
  175. Tabish M203
  176. Tan KK204
  177. Tegegne MD100
  178. Tharwat S206
  179. Vahabi SM34
  180. Valadan Tahbaz S207, 208
  181. Vasankari TJ209, 210
  182. Venketasubramanian N205, 211
  183. Vollset SE10, 12
  184. Wang YP79
  185. Wiangkham T212
  186. Yonemoto N213, 214
  187. Zangiabadian M29
  188. Zare I215
  189. Zemedikun DT216, 217
  190. Zheng P10, 12
  191. Ong KL10
  192. Vos T10, 12
  193. March LM2, 218
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  2. 2. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  3. 3. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  4. 4. Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  5. 5. Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  6. 6. Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  7. 7. Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
  8. 8. Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  9. 9. Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  10. 10. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  11. 11. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  12. 12. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  13. 13. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  14. 14. Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
  15. 15. Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  16. 16. Bone and Joint Research Group, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, United Kingdom
  17. 17. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  18. 18. Department of Research and Innovation, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada
  19. 19. School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
  20. 20. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
  21. 21. Center of Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin (Charite Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
  22. 22. Institute of Public Health, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin (Charite Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
  23. 23. London, United Kingdom
  24. 24. Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  25. 25. Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  26. 26. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  30. 30. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  31. 31. Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  32. 32. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  33. 33. Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  34. 34. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  35. 35. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  36. 36. Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  37. 37. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  38. 38. Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  39. 39. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  40. 40. Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  41. 41. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  42. 42. Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  43. 43. Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
  44. 44. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  45. 45. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  46. 46. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  47. 47. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  48. 48. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  49. 49. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia
  50. 50. Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
  51. 51. College of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  52. 52. Psychological Sciences Association, Amman, Jordan
  53. 53. Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  54. 54. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  55. 55. Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  56. 56. Department of Physiotherapy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  57. 57. Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  58. 58. Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  59. 59. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
  60. 60. Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
  61. 61. School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  62. 62. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  63. 63. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  64. 64. Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  65. 65. Department of Neurovascular Research, Nested Knowledge, Inc., Saint Paul, MN, United States
  66. 66. Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
  67. 67. Division of Orthopaedics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  68. 68. Department of Clinical Anatomy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  69. 69. Department of Medical Anatomy, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  70. 70. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  71. 71. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  72. 72. Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  73. 73. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  74. 74. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  75. 75. Department of Physical Therapy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  76. 76. Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Brikama, Gambia
  77. 77. Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, Gambia
  78. 78. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  79. 79. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  80. 80. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  81. 81. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  82. 82. Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  83. 83. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  84. 84. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  85. 85. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  86. 86. Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology at Cabrini Hospital, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  87. 87. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
  88. 88. Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
  89. 89. Department of Public Health, Administration, and Social Sciences, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
  90. 90. Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
  91. 91. Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
  92. 92. Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
  93. 93. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  94. 94. Discipline of Chiropractic, CQ University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  95. 95. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
  96. 96. Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden
  97. 97. Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
  98. 98. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  99. 99. Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  100. 100. Department of Health Informatics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  101. 101. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  102. 102. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  103. 103. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  104. 104. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  105. 105. Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  106. 106. Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
  107. 107. School of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  108. 108. School of Global Health, Institute of Health and Management, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  109. 109. Department of Occupational Therapy, Mahatma Gandhi Occupational Therapy College, Jaipur, India
  110. 110. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  111. 111. Non- Communicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
  112. 112. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
  113. 113. Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  114. 114. Health Systems and Policy Research Department, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  115. 115. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  116. 116. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  118. 118. Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
  119. 119. Liverpool Orthopaedic and Trauma Service, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  120. 120. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  121. 121. Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  122. 122. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
  123. 123. Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
  124. 124. Research Department, Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
  125. 125. Department of Radiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  126. 126. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  127. 127. Knowledge Translation Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  128. 128. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
  129. 129. School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
  130. 130. Santa Clara, CA, United States
  131. 131. Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
  132. 132. Outpatient Rehabilitation Department, Southcoast Health: Tobey Hospital, Wareham, MA, United States
  133. 133. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  134. 134. Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  135. 135. Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
  136. 136. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  137. 137. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  138. 138. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  139. 139. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  140. 140. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  141. 141. Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  142. 142. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
  143. 143. Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
  144. 144. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  145. 145. Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  146. 146. Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
  147. 147. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
  148. 148. School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  149. 149. Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
  150. 150. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  151. 151. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  152. 152. Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  153. 153. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  154. 154. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  155. 155. Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  156. 156. Department of Nephrology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India
  157. 157. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  158. 158. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  159. 159. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  160. 160. Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  161. 161. Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  162. 162. Research Group on Global Health and Human Development, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
  163. 163. Department of Academics, Health Careers International, Institute of Health & Management, Rosanna, VIC, Australia
  164. 164. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
  165. 165. Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
  166. 166. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  167. 167. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  168. 168. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  169. 169. Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  170. 170. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  171. 171. Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  172. 172. Health Workforce Department, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
  173. 173. Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  174. 174. Department of International Studies, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  175. 175. Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria
  176. 176. Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
  177. 177. Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
  178. 178. School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
  179. 179. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  180. 180. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  181. 181. Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
  182. 182. Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
  183. 183. Global Health Governance Programme, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  184. 184. School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  185. 185. Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
  186. 186. International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), Albert Einstein Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  187. 187. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  188. 188. Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  189. 189. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  190. 190. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  191. 191. Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  192. 192. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan
  193. 193. Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  194. 194. Medical Laboratory, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  195. 195. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  196. 196. Faculty of Medicine, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  197. 197. Department of Physiotherapy, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
  198. 198. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  199. 199. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  200. 200. US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  201. 201. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  202. 202. Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  203. 203. Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  204. 204. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  205. 205. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  206. 206. Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  207. 207. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  208. 208. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  209. 209. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
  210. 210. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
  211. 211. Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  212. 212. Department of Physical Therapy, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
  213. 213. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  214. 214. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  215. 215. Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran
  216. 216. School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  217. 217. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  218. 218. Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia

Source: The Lancet Rheumatology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain, disability, and economic cost. We present the most current estimates of neck pain prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by age, sex, and location, with forecasted prevalence to 2050. Methods: Systematic reviews identified population-representative surveys used to estimate the prevalence of and YLDs from neck pain in 204 countries and territories, spanning from 1990 to 2020, with additional data from opportunistic review. Medical claims data from Taiwan (province of China) were also included. Input data were pooled using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. Prevalence was forecast to 2050 using a mixed-effects model using Socio-demographic Index as a predictor and multiplying by projected population estimates. We present 95% UIs for every metric based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of 100 draws of the posterior distribution. Findings: Globally, in 2020, neck pain affected 203 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 163–253) people. The global age-standardised prevalence rate of neck pain was estimated to be 2450 (1960–3040) per 100 000 population and global age-standardised YLD rate was estimated to be 244 (165–346) per 100 000. The age-standardised prevalence rate remained stable between 1990 and 2020 (percentage change 0·2% [–1·3 to 1·7]). Globally, females had a higher age-standardised prevalence rate (2890 [2330–3620] per 100 000) than males (2000 [1600–2480] per 100 000), with the prevalence peaking between 45 years and 74 years in male and female sexes. By 2050, the estimated global number of neck pain cases is projected to be 269 million (219–322), with an increase of 32·5% (23·9–42·3) from 2020 to 2050. Decomposition analysis of the projections showed population growth was the primary contributing factor, followed by population ageing. Interpretation: Although age-standardised rates of neck pain have remained stable over the past three decades, by 2050 the projected case numbers are expected to rise. With the highest prevalence in older adults (higher in females than males), a larger effect expected in low-income and middle-income countries, and a rapidly ageing global population, neck pain continues to pose a challenge in terms of disability burden worldwide. For future planning, it is essential we improve our mechanistic understanding of the different causes and risk factors for neck pain and prioritise the consistent collection of global neck pain data and increase the number of countries with data on neck pain. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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