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Global, Regional, and National Mortality Due to Unintentional Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 2000–2021: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Moberg ME1 ; Hamilton EB1 ; Zeng SM1 ; Bryazka D1 ; Zhao JT1 ; Feldman R1 ; Abate YH4 ; Abbasikangevari M5, 149, 179 ; Abdurehman AM10 ; Abedi A14, 15 ; Abugharbieh E16 ; Adepoju AV22, 23 ; Adnani QES24 ; Afzal S26, 27 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Moberg ME1
  2. Hamilton EB1
  3. Zeng SM1
  4. Bryazka D1
  5. Zhao JT1
  6. Feldman R1
  7. Abate YH4
  8. Abbasikangevari M5, 149, 179
  9. Abdurehman AM10
  10. Abedi A14, 15
  11. Abugharbieh E16
  12. Adepoju AV22, 23
  13. Adnani QES24
  14. Afzal S26, 27
  15. Ahmad S29
  16. Ahmed D30, 31
  17. Ahmed H30, 31
  18. Alem DT32
  19. Algheethi AAS33, 34
  20. Alimohamadi Y35
  21. Ameyaw EK38
  22. Amrollahisharifabadi M39, 149, 179
  23. Anagaw TF40
  24. Anyasodor AE42
  25. Arabloo J36
  26. Aravkin AY1, 2, 3, 19
  27. Athari SS43
  28. Atreya A44
  29. Jafari AA45
  30. Badiye AD21
  31. Baghcheghi N25
  32. Bagherieh S28
  33. Bansal H48
  34. Barrow A50
  35. Bashiri A52
  36. Bayileyegn NS53
  37. Berhie AY41
  38. Bhagavathula AS59
  39. Bhardwaj P60, 61
  40. Boloor A64
  41. Camera LA54
  42. Carvalho F7, 69, 71
  43. Carvalho M69, 71
  44. Chandrasekar EK72
  45. Chang JC73, 74
  46. Chattu VK75, 76
  47. Coberly K1
  48. Cruzmartins N70, 78, 89
  49. Dadras O56
  50. Dai X1, 3
  51. Soltani RDC82
  52. Das S85, 86
  53. Das S85, 86
  54. Debela SA87
  55. Demessa BH88
  56. Deng X89
  57. Desta AA90
  58. Desye B92
  59. Dhimal M93
  60. Dibas M96
  61. Dsouza HL65, 97
  62. Ekholuenetale M98, 99
  63. Sayed IE101
  64. Elhuneidi W17
  65. Enyew DB11
  66. Fagbamigbe AF98, 102
  67. Fatehizadeh A51, 79, 80
  68. Fatima SAF104
  69. Fischer F105
  70. Franklin RC106
  71. Garg T107
  72. Gebi TG12
  73. Gerema U57
  74. Getachew M13, 57, 108
  75. Getachew ME13, 57, 108
  76. Ghamari F81, 83
  77. Golechha M109
  78. Goleij P110
  79. Gupta S111, 112, 113
  80. Gupta VB111, 112, 113
  81. Gupta VK111, 112, 113
  82. Harorani M84
  83. Hasani H114
  84. Hassan AM115, 117
  85. Hassanianmoghaddam H116, 120
  86. Hassen MB1, 122
  87. Hay SI1, 3
  88. Hayat K124, 125
  89. Heidari M126
  90. Heidariforoozan M67, 68
  91. Heyi DZ130
  92. Holla R131
  93. Hoogar P133
  94. Hossain MS134
  95. Hosseini MS135
  96. Hostiuc S136, 137
  97. Hoveidamanesh S138
  98. Ilesanmi OS100, 139
  99. Ilic IM140
  100. Immurana M141
  101. Iwu CCD142
  102. Jayarajah U143, 144
  103. Joseph N66
  104. Joshua CE145
  105. Kadashetti V17, 103
  106. Kanchan T62
  107. Kandel H121, 147
  108. Kantar RS148, 149
  109. Kapoor N47
  110. Karaye IM150
  111. Katoto PDMC151, 152
  112. Khajuria H153
  113. Khan EA154
  114. Khateri S155
  115. Khodamoradi F156
  116. Khormali M6
  117. Khubchandani J157
  118. Kim G158, 160
  119. Kisa A161, 162
  120. Koohestani HR49
  121. Krishan K163
  122. Kumar N164
  123. Laflamme L165, 166
  124. Landires I167, 168
  125. Larijani B128
  126. Lauriola P169
  127. Le TTT171
  128. Ledda C172
  129. Lee SW173
  130. Lim SS1, 3
  131. Lobo SW174, 175
  132. Lunevicius R129, 146
  133. Maharaj SB176, 177
  134. Menezes RG180
  135. Mentis AFA181
  136. Mestrovic T1, 182
  137. Miller TR183, 184
  138. Mirmoeeni S45
  139. Misganaw A3, 123
  140. Mishra M185
  141. Misra S63
  142. Mittal C186
  143. Mohammadi E8, 9
  144. Mokdad AH1, 3
  145. Moni MA187
  146. Mostafavi E188, 189
  147. Mubarik S190
  148. Mulita F192, 193
  149. Mulualem JA91
  150. Mulugeta T58
  151. Murray CJL178, 198, 199
  152. Myers I194
  153. Nayak BP132, 153
  154. Nayak VC132, 153
  155. Nejadghaderi SA118
  156. Nguyen HLT170, 195
  157. Nguyen VT170, 195
  158. Nouraei H55
  159. Nzoputam OJ196, 197
  160. Okatialiabad H215, 224
  161. Olufadewa II227
  162. Ordak M200
  163. Padronmonedero A201
  164. Padubidri JR202
  165. Pandey A94, 203
  166. Pant S95
  167. Parekh U204
  168. Pawar S205
  169. Peden AE20, 206
  170. Petcu IR207
  171. Piel FB208
  172. Piracha ZZ209
  173. Pourali G210, 211
  174. Qattea I159
  175. Qureshi MF214
  176. Raghav PR60
  177. Rahman M33
  178. Rahmani S5, 118
  179. Ramasubramani P216
  180. Ramazanu S217
  181. Rawaf S218, 219
  182. Rezaei N5, 7
  183. Rezaei N5, 7
  184. Rezaeian M33, 220
  185. Saddik B18
  186. Sadeghi M221
  187. Sadeghian F6, 46, 222
  188. Saeed U222, 223
  189. Sahebkar A212, 213
  190. Saif Z230
  191. Sakshaug JW225, 226
  192. Salamati P6
  193. Samy AM228, 229
  194. Sarmientosuarez R231
  195. Schwebel DC232
  196. Senthilkumaran S233
  197. Seylani A234
  198. Shaikh MA235
  199. Sham S236
  200. Shashamo BB237
  201. Sheikhi RA127
  202. Shetty BSK65
  203. Shetty PH65
  204. Sibhat MM238
  205. Singh H239, 240
  206. Singh P239, 240
  207. Sisay EA241, 242
  208. Solomon Y243
  209. Taheri M37, 119
  210. Ullah I244, 245, 246
  211. Ullah S244, 245, 246
  212. Violante FS247, 248
  213. Vu LG249, 250
  214. Wickramasinghe ND251
  215. Yigit A252
  216. Yonemoto N30, 72, 148, 150, 236, 253, 254
  217. Yousefi Z255
  218. Zaman M256
  219. Zastrozhin MS257, 258
  220. Zhang ZJ191
  221. Zheng P1, 3
  222. Steinmetz JD1
  223. Vos T1, 3
  224. Naghavi M1, 3
  225. Ong KL1
  226. Ong L1
  227. Zoladl M60, 259
  228. Chu DT77
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Applied Mathematics University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine University of Washington, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia
  5. 5. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Iran
  6. 6. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
  7. 7. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Iran
  8. 8. Faculty of Medicine, France
  9. 9. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  11. 11. Department of Health Informatics Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  12. 12. Health Sciences Department of Oncology Nursing, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  13. 13. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  14. 14. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  15. 15. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  16. 16. Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  17. 17. Department Ofsic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  18. 18. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  19. 19. Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  20. 20. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  21. 21. Quality and Systems Performance Unit, Cancer Institute Nsw, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  22. 22. Hiv and Infectious Diseases Department, Jhpiego, Abuja, Nigeria
  23. 23. Adolescent Research and Care, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
  24. 24. Department of Faculty of Medicinem, Bandung, Indonesia
  25. 25. Universitas Padjadjaran, ndung, Indonesia
  26. 26. Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
  27. 27. Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
  28. 28. School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  29. 29. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  30. 30. Department of Life Sciences, Nyit College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
  31. 31. Department of Biosciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
  32. 32. Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  33. 33. Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) (Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia), Batu Pahat, Malaysia
  34. 34. Camborne School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
  35. 35. Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Iran
  36. 36. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  37. 37. Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  38. 38. School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
  39. 39. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
  40. 40. Department of Health Promotion, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  41. 41. School of Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  42. 42. School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
  43. 43. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  44. 44. Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal
  45. 45. School of Medicine Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  46. 46. Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  47. 47. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  48. 48. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  49. 49. Social Determinants of Health Research Center Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  50. 50. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  51. 51. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  52. 52. Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of Gambia, Brikama, Gambia
  53. 53. Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit Ministry of Health, Kotu, Gambia
  54. 54. Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Health Information Management, Shiraz, Iran
  55. 55. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  56. 56. Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  57. 57. Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  58. 58. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  59. 59. Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
  60. 60. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, India
  61. 61. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Jodhpur, India
  62. 62. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  63. 63. Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  64. 64. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  65. 65. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  66. 66. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  67. 67. Internal Medicine Department, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  68. 68. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  69. 69. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  70. 70. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  71. 71. Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
  72. 72. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
  73. 73. College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
  74. 74. Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
  75. 75. Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  76. 76. Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  77. 77. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  78. 78. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies, Gandra, Portugal
  79. 79. Portugal (Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario, Gandra, Portugal
  80. 80. Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
  81. 81. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care (O Dadras DrPH), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  82. 82. Department of Environmental Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  83. 83. Occupational Health Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  84. 84. Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  85. 85. Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India
  86. 86. Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
  87. 87. School of Public Health, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
  88. 88. United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) Jsi, Jimma University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  89. 89. Epidemiology Branch (National Institute of Health, Durham, NC, United States
  90. 90. Department of Surgical Nursing, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  91. 91. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  92. 92. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  93. 93. Health Research Section Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  94. 94. Research Department, Kathmandu, Nepal
  95. 95. Department of Clinical Research, Kathmandu, Nepal
  96. 96. Research Unit, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
  97. 97. Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka State, Mangalore, India
  98. 98. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  99. 99. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  100. 100. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  101. 101. Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  102. 102. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  103. 103. Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  104. 104. Department Ofcteriologi, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  105. 105. Institute of Public Health, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin (Charite Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
  106. 106. School of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  107. 107. Department of Radiology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
  108. 108. Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  109. 109. Health Systems and Policy Research Department, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  110. 110. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  111. 111. Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Toxicology Department, Delhi, India
  112. 112. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  113. 113. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  114. 114. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  115. 115. Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
  116. 116. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  117. 117. Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  118. 118. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  119. 119. Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  120. 120. University of Sydney, Chapter of Addiction Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  121. 121. Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  122. 122. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  123. 123. National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  124. 124. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  125. 125. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  126. 126. Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  127. 127. Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  128. 128. Department of Epidemiology, Tehran, Iran
  129. 129. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  130. 130. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia
  131. 131. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  132. 132. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  133. 133. School of Social Sciences, Apollo University, Chittoor, India
  134. 134. Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  135. 135. Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  136. 136. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  137. 137. Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
  138. 138. Burn Research Center, Shahid Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  139. 139. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  140. 140. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  141. 141. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  142. 142. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  143. 143. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  144. 144. Department of Surgery, National Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  145. 145. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  146. 146. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to Be University, Karad, India
  147. 147. Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  148. 148. Hansjorg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, New York, NY, United States
  149. 149. Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, United States
  150. 150. School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
  151. 151. Centre for Tropical Diseases and Global Health, Catholic University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
  152. 152. Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  153. 153. Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
  154. 154. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  155. 155. School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  156. 156. Department of Social Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  157. 157. Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
  158. 158. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  159. 159. Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  160. 160. Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Uh Rainbowbies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
  161. 161. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  162. 162. Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  163. 163. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  164. 164. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  165. 165. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  166. 166. Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
  167. 167. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  168. 168. Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  169. 169. International Society Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy
  170. 170. Department of General Medicine (V T Nguyen), Australia
  171. 171. University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  172. 172. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  173. 173. Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea
  174. 174. Department of Professional and Medical Education, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
  175. 175. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University, Macon, GA, United States
  176. 176. Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  177. 177. Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  178. 178. School of Pharmacy, University of West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
  179. 179. Planetary Health Alliance, Boston, MA, United States
  180. 180. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  181. 181. International Dx Department, Bgi Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
  182. 182. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  183. 183. Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, United States
  184. 184. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  185. 185. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
  186. 186. Dr. B. C. Roy Multi-Specialty Medical Research Centre, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Iit Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
  187. 187. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  188. 188. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  189. 189. Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  190. 190. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  191. 191. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  192. 192. Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  193. 193. Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  194. 194. Independent Consultant, Rake, United Kingdom
  195. 195. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  196. 196. Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria
  197. 197. Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
  198. 198. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
  199. 199. Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
  200. 200. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  201. 201. Institute of Health Carlos Iii, National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
  202. 202. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
  203. 203. Research Department, Kathmandu, Nepal
  204. 204. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India
  205. 205. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  206. 206. College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, NSW, Australia
  207. 207. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  208. 208. School of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, London, United Kingdom
  209. 209. International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
  210. 210. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Iran
  211. 211. International Unesco Center for Health-relatedsic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Iran
  212. 212. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  213. 213. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  214. 214. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
  215. 215. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  216. 216. Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Department of Community Medicine, Puducherry, India
  217. 217. Leadership Institute for Global Health Transformation (LIGHT), National University of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
  218. 218. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  219. 219. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  220. 220. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  221. 221. Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Health Information Management, Semnan, Iran
  222. 222. Multidisciplinary Laboratory Foundation University School of Health Sciences (FUSH), Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  223. 223. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan
  224. 224. Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
  225. 225. Institute for Employment Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  226. 226. Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  227. 227. Medical Laboratory, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  228. 228. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  229. 229. Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MARSI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  230. 230. Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
  231. 231. Carlos Iii Health Institute, National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
  232. 232. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  233. 233. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  234. 234. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, United States
  235. 235. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  236. 236. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
  237. 237. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
  238. 238. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  239. 239. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
  240. 240. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, thinda, India
  241. 241. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  242. 242. Department of Pharmacy, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  243. 243. Department of Nursing, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  244. 244. Department of Rehabilitation and Health Sciences, Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  245. 245. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
  246. 246. Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
  247. 247. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  248. 248. Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  249. 249. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  250. 250. Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  251. 251. Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  252. 252. Department of Health Management, Suleyman Demirel UNiversitesi (Suleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Turkiye
  253. 253. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  254. 254. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  255. 255. Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  256. 256. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  257. 257. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  258. 258. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  259. 259. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Source: The Lancet Public Health Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning is a largely preventable cause of death that has received insufficient attention. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive global analysis of the demographic, temporal, and geographical patterns of fatal unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning from 2000 to 2021. Methods: As part of the latest Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning mortality was quantified using the GBD cause of death ensemble modelling strategy. Vital registration data and covariates with an epidemiological link to unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning informed the estimates of death counts and mortality rates for all locations, sexes, ages, and years included in the GBD. Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying deaths by remaining standard life expectancy at age of death. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning deaths due to occupational injuries and high alcohol use were estimated. Findings: In 2021, the global mortality rate due to unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning was 0·366 per 100 000 (95% uncertainty interval 0·276–0·415), with 28 900 deaths (21 700–32 800) and 1·18 million YLLs (0·886–1·35) across all ages. Nearly 70% of deaths occurred in males (20 100 [15 800–24 000]), and the 50–54-year age group had the largest number of deaths (2210 [1660–2590]). The highest mortality rate was in those aged 85 years or older with 1·96 deaths (1·38–2·32) per 100 000. Eastern Europe had the highest age-standardised mortality rate at 2·12 deaths (1·98–2·30) per 100 000. Globally, there was a 53·5% (46·2–63·7) decrease in the age-standardised mortality rate from 2000 to 2021, although this decline was not uniform across regions. The overall PAFs for occupational injuries and high alcohol use were 13·6% (11·9–16·0) and 3·5% (1·4–6·2), respectively. Interpretation: Improvements in unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning mortality rates have been inconsistent across regions and over time since 2000. Given that unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning is almost entirely preventable, policy-level interventions that lower the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning events should be prioritised, such as those that increase access to improved heating and cooking devices, reduce carbon monoxide emissions from generators, and mandate use of carbon monoxide alarms. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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