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Nanobased Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of Covid-19: From Benchtop to Bedside Publisher Pubmed



Bidram E1 ; Esmaeili Y1 ; Amini A2, 3 ; Sartorius R4 ; Tay FR5 ; Shariati L6, 7 ; Makvandi P8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
  2. 2. Centre for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, NSW, Australia
  3. 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Australian College of Kuwait, Al Aqsa Mosque Street, Mishref, Safat, 13015, Kuwait
  4. 4. Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples, 80131, Italy
  5. 5. The Graduate School, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, 30912, GA, United States
  6. 6. Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
  8. 8. Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pisa, Pontedera, 56025, Italy

Source: ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering Published:2021


Abstract

Human respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Among the various respiratory viruses, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) have created the greatest challenge and most frightening health threat worldwide. Human coronaviruses typically infect the upper respiratory tract, causing illnesses that range from common cold-like symptoms to severe acute respiratory infections. Several promising vaccine formulations have become available since the beginning of 2021. Nevertheless, achievement of herd immunity is still far from being realized. Social distancing remains the only effective measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nanobiotechnology enables the design of nanobiosensors. These nanomedical diagnostic devices have opened new vistas for early detection of viral infections. The present review outlines recent research on the effectiveness of nanoplatforms as diagnostic and antiviral tools against coronaviruses. The biological properties of coronavirus and infected host organs are discussed. The challenges and limitations encountered in combating SARS-CoV-2 are highlighted. Potential nanodevices such as nanosensors, nanobased vaccines, and smart nanomedicines are subsequently presented for combating current and future mutated versions of coronaviruses. © 2021 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
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