The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Publisher Pubmed

Dirac MA^{1, 4} ; Safiri S^{5, 6} ; Tsoi D¹ ; Adedoyin RA⁸ ; Afshin A^{1, 2} ; Akhlaghi N¹⁰ ; Alahdab F¹¹ ; Almulhim AM¹² ; Amini S¹⁴ ; Ausloos F¹⁵ ; Bacha U¹⁶ ; Banach M^{17, 18} ; Bhagavathula AS^{19, 20} ; Bijani A²¹ Show All Authors

Dirac MA^{1, 4}
Safiri S^{5, 6}
Tsoi D¹
Adedoyin RA⁸
Afshin A^{1, 2}
Akhlaghi N¹⁰
Alahdab F¹¹
Almulhim AM¹²
Amini S¹⁴
Ausloos F¹⁵
Bacha U¹⁶
Banach M^{17, 18}
Bhagavathula AS^{19, 20}
Bijani A²¹
Biondi A²⁴
Borzi AM²³
Colombara D^{1, 66}
Dagnew B²⁵
Daryani A²⁸
Davitoiu DV^{29, 30}
Demeke FM³¹
Demoz GT^{32, 35}
Do HP³⁶
Etemadi A^{37, 40}
Farzadfar F³⁹
Fischer F⁴¹
Gebre AK⁴⁵
Gebremariam H⁴²
Gebremichael B⁴⁶
Ghashghaee A⁴⁸
Ghoshal UC⁵¹
Hamidi S⁵²
Hasankhani M⁷
Hassan S⁵³
Hay SI^{1, 2}
Hoang CL³⁶
Hole MK⁵⁴
Ikuta KS^{1, 3}
Ilesanmi OS⁵⁵
Irvani SSN⁵⁷
James SL¹
Joukar F⁵⁸
Kabir A⁴⁹
Kassaye HG⁵⁹
Kavetskyy T^{61, 62}
Kengne AP^{63, 64}
Khalilov R⁶⁵
Khan MU⁶⁶
Khan EA⁶⁷
Khan M⁶⁸
Khater A⁶⁹
Kimokoti RW⁷⁰
Koyanagi A^{71, 72}
Manda AL⁷³
Mehta D⁷⁴
Mehta V⁷⁵
Meretoja TJ^{76, 77}
Mestrovic T^{78, 79}
Mirrakhimov EM^{80, 81}
Mithra P⁸²
Mohammadianhafshejani A⁸³
Mohammadookhorasani M⁸⁴
Mokdad AH^{1, 2}
Moossavi M⁸⁵
Moradi G^{86, 87}
Mustafa G^{88, 89}
Naimzada MD^{90, 91}
Nasserimoghaddam S³⁸
Nazari J^{13, 92}
Negoi I^{29, 93}
Nguyen CT⁹⁴
Nguyen HLT⁹⁴
Nixon MR¹
Olum S^{95, 96}
Pourshams A³⁸
Poustchi H³⁸
Rabiee M^{97, 98}
Rabiee N^{97, 98}
Rafiei A^{26, 27}
Rawaf S^{99, 101}
Rawaf DL^{100, 102}
Roberts NLS¹
Roshandel G^{38, 103}
Safari S⁵⁶
Salimzadeh H³⁸
Sartorius B^{2, 104}
Sarveazad A⁴⁷
Sepanlou SG^{38, 105}
Sharifi A¹⁰³
Soheili A^{106, 107}
Suleria HAR¹⁰⁸
Tadesse DB^{33, 109}
Tela FGG⁴⁴
Tesfay BE⁶⁰
Thakur B^{110, 111}
Tran BX¹¹²
Vacante M²⁴
Vahedi P¹¹³
Veisani Y¹¹⁴
Vos T^{1, 2}
Vosoughi K^{9, 50}
Werdecker A^{115, 116}
Wondmieneh AB^{34, 117}
Yeshitila YG¹¹⁸
Zamani M²²
Zewdie KA⁴³
Zhang ZJ¹¹⁹
Malekzadeh R^{38, 105}
Naghavi M^{1, 2}

Source: The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology Published:2020

Abstract

Background: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a common chronic ailment that causes uncomfortable symptoms and increases the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We aimed to report the burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017, using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. Methods: We did a systematic review to identify measurements of the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in geographically defined populations worldwide between 1990 and 2017. These estimates were analysed with DisMod-MR, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool that incorporates predictive covariates and adjustments for differences in study design in a geographical cascade of models. Fitted values for broader geographical units inform prior distributions for finer geographical units. Prevalence was estimated for 195 countries and territories. Reports of the frequency and severity of symptoms among individuals with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease were used to estimate the prevalence of cases with no, mild to moderate, or severe to very severe symptoms at a given time; these estimates were multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLD). Findings: Data to estimate gastro-oesophageal reflux disease burden were scant, totalling 144 location-years (unique measurements from a year and location, regardless of whether a study reported them alongside measurements for other locations or years) of prevalence data. These came from six (86%) of seven GBD super-regions, 11 (52%) of 21 GBD regions, and 39 (20%) of 195 countries and territories. Mean estimates of age-standardised prevalence for all locations in 2017 ranged from 4408 cases per 100 000 population to 14 035 cases per 100 000 population. Age-standardised prevalence was highest (>11 000 cases per 100 000 population) in the USA, Italy, Greece, New Zealand, and several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, north Africa and the Middle East, and eastern Europe; it was lowest (<7000 cases per 100 000 population) in the high-income Asia Pacific, east Asia, Iceland, France, Denmark, and Switzerland. Global prevalence peaked at ages 75–79 years, at 18 820 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 13 770–24 000) cases per 100 000 population. Global age-standardised prevalence was stable between 1990 and 2017 (8791 [95% UI 7772–9834] cases per 100 000 population in 1990 and 8819 [7781–9863] cases per 100 000 population in 2017, percentage change 0·3% [–0·3 to 0·9]), but all-age prevalence increased by 18·1% (15·6–20·4) between 1990 and 2017, from 7859 (6905–8851) cases per 100 000 population in 1990 to 9283 (8189–10 400) cases per 100 000 population in 2017. YLDs increased by 67·1% (95% UI 63·5–70·3) between 1990 and 2017, from 3·60 million (1·93–6·12) in 1990 to 6·01 million (3·22–10·19) in 2017. Interpretation: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is common worldwide, although less so in much of eastern Asia. The stability of our global age-standardised prevalence estimates over time suggests that the epidemiology of the disease has not changed, but the estimates of all-age prevalence and YLDs, which increased between 1990 and 2017, suggest that the burden of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is nonetheless increasing as a result of ageing and population growth. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Dirac MA, et al.. "The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 5, no. 6, 2020, pp. 561-581.
APA	Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, Alahdab F, Almulhim AM, Amini S, Ausloos F, Bacha U, Banach M, Bhagavathula AS, Bijani A, Biondi A, Borzi AM, Colombara D, Dagnew B, Daryani A, ... Naghavi M (2020). The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(6), 561-581.
Chicago	Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, Alahdab F, et al.. "The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology 5, no. 6 (2020): 561-581.
Harvard	Dirac MA et al. (2020) 'The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017', The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(6), pp. 561-581.
Vancouver	Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, et al.. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2020;5(6):561-581.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Dirac MA and Safiri S and Tsoi D and Adedoyin RA and Afshin A and Akhlaghi N and Alahdab F and Almulhim AM and Amini S and Ausloos F and Bacha U and Banach M and Bhagavathula AS and Bijani A and Biondi A and Borzi AM and Colombara D and Dagnew B and Daryani A and Davitoiu DV and Demeke FM and Demoz GT and Do HP and Etemadi A and Farzadfar F and Fischer F and Gebre AK and Gebremariam H and Gebremichael B and Ghashghaee A and Ghoshal UC and Hamidi S and Hasankhani M and Hassan S and Hay SI and Hoang CL and Hole MK and Ikuta KS and Ilesanmi OS and Irvani SSN and James SL and Joukar F and Kabir A and Kassaye HG and Kavetskyy T and Kengne AP and Khalilov R and Khan MU and Khan EA and Khan M and Khater A and Kimokoti RW and Koyanagi A and Manda AL and Mehta D and Mehta V and Meretoja TJ and Mestrovic T and Mirrakhimov EM and Mithra P and Mohammadianhafshejani A and Mohammadookhorasani M and Mokdad AH and Moossavi M and Moradi G and Mustafa G and Naimzada MD and Nasserimoghaddam S and Nazari J and Negoi I and Nguyen CT and Nguyen HLT and Nixon MR and Olum S and Pourshams A and Poustchi H and Rabiee M and Rabiee N and Rafiei A and Rawaf S and Rawaf DL and Roberts NLS and Roshandel G and Safari S and Salimzadeh H and Sartorius B and Sarveazad A and Sepanlou SG and Sharifi A and Soheili A and Suleria HAR and Tadesse DB and Tela FGG and Tesfay BE and Thakur B and Tran BX and Vacante M and Vahedi P and Veisani Y and Vos T and Vosoughi K and Werdecker A and Wondmieneh AB and Yeshitila YG and Zamani M and Zewdie KA and Zhang ZJ and Malekzadeh R and Naghavi M}, title = {The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017}, journal = {The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {561-581}, year = {2020} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Dirac MA AU - Safiri S AU - Tsoi D AU - Adedoyin RA AU - Afshin A AU - Akhlaghi N AU - Alahdab F AU - Almulhim AM AU - Amini S AU - Ausloos F AU - Bacha U AU - Banach M AU - Bhagavathula AS AU - Bijani A AU - Biondi A AU - Borzi AM AU - Colombara D AU - Dagnew B AU - Daryani A AU - Davitoiu DV AU - Demeke FM AU - Demoz GT AU - Do HP AU - Etemadi A AU - Farzadfar F AU - Fischer F AU - Gebre AK AU - Gebremariam H AU - Gebremichael B AU - Ghashghaee A AU - Ghoshal UC AU - Hamidi S AU - Hasankhani M AU - Hassan S AU - Hay SI AU - Hoang CL AU - Hole MK AU - Ikuta KS AU - Ilesanmi OS AU - Irvani SSN AU - James SL AU - Joukar F AU - Kabir A AU - Kassaye HG AU - Kavetskyy T AU - Kengne AP AU - Khalilov R AU - Khan MU AU - Khan EA AU - Khan M AU - Khater A AU - Kimokoti RW AU - Koyanagi A AU - Manda AL AU - Mehta D AU - Mehta V AU - Meretoja TJ AU - Mestrovic T AU - Mirrakhimov EM AU - Mithra P AU - Mohammadianhafshejani A AU - Mohammadookhorasani M AU - Mokdad AH AU - Moossavi M AU - Moradi G AU - Mustafa G AU - Naimzada MD AU - Nasserimoghaddam S AU - Nazari J AU - Negoi I AU - Nguyen CT AU - Nguyen HLT AU - Nixon MR AU - Olum S AU - Pourshams A AU - Poustchi H AU - Rabiee M AU - Rabiee N AU - Rafiei A AU - Rawaf S AU - Rawaf DL AU - Roberts NLS AU - Roshandel G AU - Safari S AU - Salimzadeh H AU - Sartorius B AU - Sarveazad A AU - Sepanlou SG AU - Sharifi A AU - Soheili A AU - Suleria HAR AU - Tadesse DB AU - Tela FGG AU - Tesfay BE AU - Thakur B AU - Tran BX AU - Vacante M AU - Vahedi P AU - Veisani Y AU - Vos T AU - Vosoughi K AU - Werdecker A AU - Wondmieneh AB AU - Yeshitila YG AU - Zamani M AU - Zewdie KA AU - Zhang ZJ AU - Malekzadeh R AU - Naghavi M TI - The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 JO - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology VL - 5 IS - 6 SP - 561 EP - 581 PY - 2020 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Dirac MA, et al.. "The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 5, no. 6, 2020, pp. 561-581.

APA

Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, Alahdab F, Almulhim AM, Amini S, Ausloos F, Bacha U, Banach M, Bhagavathula AS, Bijani A, Biondi A, Borzi AM, Colombara D, Dagnew B, Daryani A, ... Naghavi M (2020). The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(6), 561-581.

Chicago

Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, Alahdab F, et al.. "The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017." The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology 5, no. 6 (2020): 561-581.

Harvard

Dirac MA et al. (2020) 'The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017', The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5(6), pp. 561-581.

Vancouver

Dirac MA, Safiri S, Tsoi D, Adedoyin RA, Afshin A, Akhlaghi N, et al.. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2020;5(6):561-581.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Dirac MA and Safiri S and Tsoi D and Adedoyin RA and Afshin A and Akhlaghi N and Alahdab F and Almulhim AM and Amini S and Ausloos F and Bacha U and Banach M and Bhagavathula AS and Bijani A and Biondi A and Borzi AM and Colombara D and Dagnew B and Daryani A and Davitoiu DV and Demeke FM and Demoz GT and Do HP and Etemadi A and Farzadfar F and Fischer F and Gebre AK and Gebremariam H and Gebremichael B and Ghashghaee A and Ghoshal UC and Hamidi S and Hasankhani M and Hassan S and Hay SI and Hoang CL and Hole MK and Ikuta KS and Ilesanmi OS and Irvani SSN and James SL and Joukar F and Kabir A and Kassaye HG and Kavetskyy T and Kengne AP and Khalilov R and Khan MU and Khan EA and Khan M and Khater A and Kimokoti RW and Koyanagi A and Manda AL and Mehta D and Mehta V and Meretoja TJ and Mestrovic T and Mirrakhimov EM and Mithra P and Mohammadianhafshejani A and Mohammadookhorasani M and Mokdad AH and Moossavi M and Moradi G and Mustafa G and Naimzada MD and Nasserimoghaddam S and Nazari J and Negoi I and Nguyen CT and Nguyen HLT and Nixon MR and Olum S and Pourshams A and Poustchi H and Rabiee M and Rabiee N and Rafiei A and Rawaf S and Rawaf DL and Roberts NLS and Roshandel G and Safari S and Salimzadeh H and Sartorius B and Sarveazad A and Sepanlou SG and Sharifi A and Soheili A and Suleria HAR and Tadesse DB and Tela FGG and Tesfay BE and Thakur B and Tran BX and Vacante M and Vahedi P and Veisani Y and Vos T and Vosoughi K and Werdecker A and Wondmieneh AB and Yeshitila YG and Zamani M and Zewdie KA and Zhang ZJ and Malekzadeh R and Naghavi M}, title = {The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017}, journal = {The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology}, volume = {5}, number = {6}, pages = {561-581}, year = {2020} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Dirac MA
AU - Safiri S
AU - Tsoi D
AU - Adedoyin RA
AU - Afshin A
AU - Akhlaghi N
AU - Alahdab F
AU - Almulhim AM
AU - Amini S
AU - Ausloos F
AU - Bacha U
AU - Banach M
AU - Bhagavathula AS
AU - Bijani A
AU - Biondi A
AU - Borzi AM
AU - Colombara D
AU - Dagnew B
AU - Daryani A
AU - Davitoiu DV
AU - Demeke FM
AU - Demoz GT
AU - Do HP
AU - Etemadi A
AU - Farzadfar F
AU - Fischer F
AU - Gebre AK
AU - Gebremariam H
AU - Gebremichael B
AU - Ghashghaee A
AU - Ghoshal UC
AU - Hamidi S
AU - Hasankhani M
AU - Hassan S
AU - Hay SI
AU - Hoang CL
AU - Hole MK
AU - Ikuta KS
AU - Ilesanmi OS
AU - Irvani SSN
AU - James SL
AU - Joukar F
AU - Kabir A
AU - Kassaye HG
AU - Kavetskyy T
AU - Kengne AP
AU - Khalilov R
AU - Khan MU
AU - Khan EA
AU - Khan M
AU - Khater A
AU - Kimokoti RW
AU - Koyanagi A
AU - Manda AL
AU - Mehta D
AU - Mehta V
AU - Meretoja TJ
AU - Mestrovic T
AU - Mirrakhimov EM
AU - Mithra P
AU - Mohammadianhafshejani A
AU - Mohammadookhorasani M
AU - Mokdad AH
AU - Moossavi M
AU - Moradi G
AU - Mustafa G
AU - Naimzada MD
AU - Nasserimoghaddam S
AU - Nazari J
AU - Negoi I
AU - Nguyen CT
AU - Nguyen HLT
AU - Nixon MR
AU - Olum S
AU - Pourshams A
AU - Poustchi H
AU - Rabiee M
AU - Rabiee N
AU - Rafiei A
AU - Rawaf S
AU - Rawaf DL
AU - Roberts NLS
AU - Roshandel G
AU - Safari S
AU - Salimzadeh H
AU - Sartorius B
AU - Sarveazad A
AU - Sepanlou SG
AU - Sharifi A
AU - Soheili A
AU - Suleria HAR
AU - Tadesse DB
AU - Tela FGG
AU - Tesfay BE
AU - Thakur B
AU - Tran BX
AU - Vacante M
AU - Vahedi P
AU - Veisani Y
AU - Vos T
AU - Vosoughi K
AU - Werdecker A
AU - Wondmieneh AB
AU - Yeshitila YG
AU - Zamani M
AU - Zewdie KA
AU - Zhang ZJ
AU - Malekzadeh R
AU - Naghavi M
TI - The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
JO - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology
VL - 5
IS - 6
SP - 561
EP - 581
PY - 2020
ER -

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